1. Nutrients

2. Roles of Nutrients  Help the body grow  Provide energy  Regulate body functions  Provides oxygen to cells throughout body  Help build, and repair tissue

3. Types of Nutrients  To survive the human body needs nutrients found in food. These nutrients are classified into six groups:  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Fats  Vitamins  Minerals  Water

4. Carbohydrates main source  Are the main source of energy for the body. Your body can only store limited amounts of carbs. Excess carbs. are converted and stored as fat. 45-65% of caloric intake.  Sources of Carbs include:  Vegetables  Beans  Potatoes  Pasta  Breads  Rice  Bran  Popcorn  fruit We need carbohydrates to make glucose, which is blood sugar. When foods are processed they have less of the complex or healthy carbs, and more simple sugars in them.

5. Two Types of Carbs. Simple Carbs. –Sugars that enter the bloodstream rapidly and provide quick energy. –Provide calories but few vitamins & minerals. Ex. Fructose (Fruit), Lactose (milk) – Natural sugars found in fruits, dairy products; also in cake, candy, refined sugar. Complex Carbs. –Starches and fiber –most of the calories in most diets are from CC. –Provides long lasting energy. Ex. Grains products such as pasta, breads, beans, potatoes

6. Simple vs. Complex

7. Starch & Fiber  Starch is a food substance that is made and stored in most plants.  They provide long- lasting energy. Ex. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes  Fiber is the part of grains and plant foods that cannot be digested.  It helps move food through the digestive system, preventing constipation and other intestinal problems.  Reduces blood cholesterol level & risk of developing heart disease.

8. Glucose  Food is converted into a simple sugar called glucose.  Some glucose is used by cells to provide energy and heat the remainder is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver.  When the body needs energy the glycogen is converted to glucose  Then used for Physical activity adipose tissue.  If excess amount then it is later stored as adipose tissue. Athletes the day before a race traditionally eat a high- carbohydrate meal. Why?

9. Proteins  Nutrients that help build and maintain body cells and tissues.  Made of long chains of amino acids (structural units)  Your body makes 11 out of 22 aa’s that make up proteins  11 that your body can’t make are called essential amino acids. These 10 come from food.

10. Role of Proteins  Supplies body with energy  Protein Hemoglobin (located in RBC) carries oxygen to body’s cells  Muscles, bones, skin, internal organs  10-15 % of caloric intake

11. Fats  Is a nutrient that provides energy  Stored as fat tissue that surrounds and cushions internal organs  Brain development, healthy skin and hair,  The body needs it to maintain  body heat  Store and use vitamins  maintain an energy reserve  Build brain cells and nerve tissues

12. 3 Types of Fats  Saturated Fats  is a type of fat from dairy products, solid vegetables, meat & poultry  Are usually in solid form when at room temp.  Contributes to the level of cholesterol in a persons blood  Cholesterol is a fat-like substance made by the body and found in certain food  Usually animal based products  Unsaturated Fats  Nuts, seeds  Moderate amounts make lower risk of heart disease  Trans Fats  Found in margarine  Snack foods  Packaged goods (cookies, crackers)  Can raise total Blood Cholesterol  USDA now requires amount listed on label

13. Fats continued  Unused calories from fat stored as body fat (known as adipose tissue)  Risks – Type II Diabetes, cardiovascular disease  Cholesterol – waxy fatlike substance in blood  Need Good Cholesterol. Bad cholesterol builds up on insides of arteries (saturated and trans fats)  Should consume less than 25-35% of caloric intake from Fats

14. Vitamins  Compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including the digestion, absorption and metabolism of other nutrients  It helps the body use carbs., proteins & fats  Do not supply energy  There are two types:  Fat-soluble vitamin  Water soluble

15. Vitamin Roles  A,E, Folic : Grow and Maintain Tissues  B : Help body use other nutrients for energy  C : Protect against infection help build bones  D, K : help build bones

16. Two types of Vitamins  Fat-Soluble  Is a vitamin that dissolves in fat and can be stored in the body.  are stored in the liver, fatty tissue and kidneys  There are four fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamin A,D,E & K  Excess build-up of these vitamins can be toxic  Water- Soluble  Is a vitamin that dissolves in water and cannot be stored in the body  Pass easily into the blood during digestion  Ex. Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C

17. Minerals  Are substances that the body cannot manufacture but that are needed for forming healthy bones, teeth and for regulating many vital body processes.  Some important minerals are  Iron  Calcium  Sodium  Phosphorous  Magnesium

18. Water  Is involved with all body processes  Makes up basic part of the blood  Helps w/ waste removal  Regulates body temp.  Cushions spinal cords & joints  Makes up more than 60% of body mass  It carries nutrients to all body cells and waste products from the cells to the kidneys. It leaves the body in the form of perspiration & urination.  Caffeine – eliinmates water from the body and causes DEHYDRATION

20. Vocabulary  Nutrition  Nutrients  Carbohydrates  Fiber  Proteins  Vitamins  Minerals  Hemoglobin  Transfat  Saturated Fat  Unsaturated Fat  Simple Carbs.  Complex Carbs.  Starch  Fat-soluble vitamins  Water-soluble vitamins  Cholesterol  Glucose

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