Types of Animals

Invertebrates No backbone 95% of all animal species Examples: Sponges Cnidaria (ex. Jellyfish) Worms Mollusks Arthropods (insects, crabs, etc.) Echinoderms (ex. Starfish)

Vertebrates – animals with backbones Examples: Cartilaginous fish Sharks and rays

Bony fish

Amphibians Frogs, toads, salamanders, caecilians Must begin life in water

Reptiles Lizards, turtles, snakes, crocs, etc. First egg with shell

Birds Hollow bones Feathers, wings

Mammals Hair, mammary glands

Animal Homeostasis

Thermoregulation Some animals cannot regulate their body temperature = ectothermic “cold-blooded” internal temp the same as environment temp every animal except birds and mammals Some animals can produce internal heat = endothermic “warm-blooded” heat produced by metabolism of food birds and mammals

Hormonal Regulation Hormone = Hormones control Metabolism Blood sugar Growth Fight or flight Menstrual cycle Gender characteristics And more!

Water Regulation Some marine animals maintain a water concentration similar to their environment Fish take salt in and out of the gills to regulate water Other animals have kidneys that regulate water

Nitrogenous Waste Removal Ammonia is produced by animals, but it’s toxic Fish – secreted as ammonia, requires a lot of water Birds/reptiles – secreted as uric acid, requires little water Mammals – secreted as urea, requires some water