1. Invertebrates Vs. Vertebrates
Classifying Animals

2. What are Invertebrates like?
Nearly 95 out of every 100 animals are invertebrates.
8 invertebrate phyla
Mollusks
Sponges
Cnidarians
Echinoderms
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Arthropods

3. Arthropods- largest invertebrate phylum
Scientist think there are more than a million arthropod species!
Characteristics: Arthropods have….
Jointed legs
Body parts divided into sections
Breath with gills or an open-tube breathing system.
hard exoskeleton for protection

4. 4 Main Arthropod Classes
Arachnids
4 pairs of legs
2-section body
up to 8 eyes
Crustaceans
Centipedes and millipedes
Insects
3 pairs of legs
3 body parts: (head, thorax, abdomen)

5. Classifying Vertebrates
Vertebrates can be classified into two groups using this characteristic:
Cold-blooded
Warm-blooded
These animals get heat from outside their bodies. The body temperature changes with the temperature of its surroundings.
**If the outside temps change, so does its body temperature.
**Cold air temperature means cold body temperature.
The body temperature does not change much. They use energy from food to keep a constant temperature.
**If body temp changes much, this could mean sickness (like a fever for humans).

6. Reptiles cold-blooded vertebrate dry, scaly skin lays eggs
many have four
legs, but some
have none
strong,
waterproof
skin
breathes with lungs
can live in many environments, both dry and wet

7. Amphibians frog breathe through lungs, skin, and gills during
different parts of life
vertebrate
most have 4 legs
toad
life cycle includes larva stage (tadpoles)
salamander
cold-blooded
moist skin
All amphibians live near water
so their skin won’t dry out.
Frogs spend half their lives in
water and half on land.
lays eggs; usually in a jelly-like mass in water

8. Fish cold-blooded vertebrate covered by scales some species only live
in freshwater (rivers,
lakes) and some only
live in saltwater (ocean)
lays eggs in water
eyes usually on side
of head
life cycle includes larva stage
breathes through gills
have fins and streamlined bodies to help them
glide through water

9. Birds warm-blooded vertebrate have waterproof feathers
live on land; found in all
environments
lay hard-shelled eggs
hollow bones allow birds to fly
breathe
with lungs
and have
air sacs
not all birds
can fly
all birds have wings and beaks

10. Mammals warm-blooded vertebrate most have body hair or fur breathe
through
lungs
large,
well-developed
brains
most live on land
reproduce by live birth
nurse their young with milk
different kinds of teeth
for eating different foods

11. Some Tricky Classifications to Think About
A fish? A bird? Really? A mammal? How
can whales, dolphins, bats, and the
famous duckbill platypus be classified
as mammals?