1. The Animal kingdom

2. Animal diversity Eagle (bird) and butterfly (insect) both have wings
Are they closely related?
Animals show diversity in body structures and function

3. Animal diversity
Scientists have named more than 1 million species of animals
Many species that exist have not yet been discovered and named
Some scientists estimate that more than 3 million species of animals live on Earth
Some of these animals are becoming extinct before they have been discovered or described

4. Animal diversity

5. Classification of animals
Two main groups
Based on the absence or presence of backbone (vertebral column)
INVERTEBRATES (animals without backbone)
VERTEBRATES (animals having backbone)

6. Classification of animals

7. INVERTEBRATES

8. Invertebrates Most animals on the Earth are invertebrates
Do not have a backbone
Do not have any bones in their body
Sponge, spider, snail, jelly fish, worms

9. INVERTEBRATE PHYLA Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria)
Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
Round worms (Phylum Nematoda)
Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca)
Annelids [Segmented worms] (Phylum Annelida)
Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)
Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)

10. Sponges Live in ocean Asymmetric body
Tube-like body having small pores
Sweeps water through pores into the tubes
Special cells filter and digest food material
Reproduce asexually (fragmentation) and sexually

12. Asymmetry, Bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry

15. Cnidarians Complex than sponges, invertebrates, live in oceans
Body plan medusa or polyp
Cnidocytes (sting cells)
Tentacles
Budding/ fragmentation
Sexual reproduction
Hydra
Jelly fish

16. Flatworms Simplest worms, live in water, damp soil, some are parasites
More complex body, bilateral symmetry
Head with eyespots
Reproduce sexually or fragmentation (asexually)
Tapeworm
Planaria

17. Roundworms Invertebrates with coelom, bilaterally symmetrical
Fresh water, damp soil, parasites
Some eat other small organisms
Ascaris

18. Annelids Found in oceans and on land, bilateral symmetry
Segmented worms (repeated body segments)
Hermaphrodites
Leech
Earthworm

19. Mollusks Invertebrates, oceans, freshwater, land
Specialized tissue “mantle” – secretes shell
Some have muscular foot to move e.g. snails
Others have tentacles e.g. squids
Reproduce sexually
Snail
Oyester
Squid

20. Arthropods
Most diverse group, presence of exoskeleton, Water, air, land
Segmented body – head thorax, abdomen
Spider, bee, fly, mosquito, grasshopper, centipede, beetle, shrimp, cockroach, crab

22. Echinoderms Spiny skinned – exoskeleton having spines, live in ocean
Water vascular system – pumps water
Eat organic matter or other organisms
Starfish
Sea urchin

23. VERTEBRATES

24. Vertebrates Belong to phylum Chordata
Notochord - develops into backbone
Backbone – a column of several bones called as vertebrae
Backbone is a part of endoskeleton
Muscles are attached to bones – movement
Divided into five groups
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
Live on land or in water
Herbivore, carnivore or omnivore
Separate genders (one gender per individual)

25. Fish More than half of vertebrate species are fish
Jawless, cartilaginous and bony fish
Marine and freshwater
Ectothermic (cold blooded)
Cartilaginous
Jawless
Bony fish

26. Amphibians Water and land Require water to lay eggs
As tadpole live in water
Frogs, toads, salamanders
Thin moist skin
Ectothermic (cold blooded)
Frog
Salamander

27. Reptiles Live on land, do not require water to lay eggs
Crawling animals
Turtles, alligators, snakes
Reproduce sexually
Ectothermic (cold blooded)

28. Birds Some live on land, others in water, or both
Flying birds and flight less birds
Feathers – maintain temperature and flying
Reproduce sexually
Endothermic (warm blooded)
Pelican
Parrots
Penguin

29. Mammals Hair on body, external ears, produce milk
3 types – monotreme, marsupials and placental mammals
Reproduce sexually
Endotherms (warm blooded)
Lay eggs Pouched Placenta