1. Animal Kingdom

2. What are the charctersitics of an animal?
Eukaryote
Sexual reproducers
Heterotrophs
Locomotion
Multicellular

3. What are the 2 major divisions in animals?
Animals without a backbone
Animals with a backbone
These include insects, worms, sponges, mollusks, and etc.
Lack bones, some have hard outer shells or exoskeletons
Make up approximately 95% of all animals.
Insects make up 80% of all animals.
Known as chordata
There are five divisions of animals with backbones.
Make up only 5% of animals.

4. Phylum Chordata

5. What is the phylum Chordata?
Includes 5 Classes
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

6. What are fish? Habitat: nearly every aquatic environment
Respiration: use gills to breathe
Circulation: 2 chambered heart
Reproduction: sexual (mostly external)
Nervous System: lateral line system that can detect movement

7. What are the three types of fish?
3 Major Types of Fish
Jawless Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
Bony Fish

8. What are amphibians? Examples: frogs, salamanders, toads
Habitat: live on land and water
Respiration: lungs in adults, gills in tadpoles, but mostly through the moist skin
Reproduction: External reproduction
(water needed to transport sperm and
eggs must be kept moist)

9. Amphibians Circulation: 3 chambered heart (mixing)
One chamber gets oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and skin
One gets oxygen-poor blood form the rest of the body
Both of those chambers collect in a third chamber that pumps a mix of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, skin and body

10. Amphibians
Temperature Regulation: Ectotherms, variable body temperature – gets heat from outside source
Metamorphosis – eggs, tadpoles, adult
Tadpoles – fins, gills, 2-chambered heart
Adult – legs, lungs, 3-chambered heart

11. What are reptiles? Examples: snakes, crocodiles, turtle, lizards
Habitat: Land mostly
Respiration: No exchange thru skin bc it is scaly MUST use lungs
Circulation: most have 3 chambered heart
Obtain food: claws, legs directly under body makes running easier
Temp Regulation: ectotherms

12. Reptiles
Reproduction: Internal fertilization and can lay eggs on land due to the evolution of the amniotic egg

13. What is the amniotic egg?
Amnion: fluid that cushions embryo
Shell: leathery shell
Yolk: food source for embryo
Allantois: wastes are excreted into this
Chorion: allows gas exchange
Egg tooth: horny tooth that helps hatch the egg

14. What are birds? Examples: pelican, penguin, blue jay
Respiration: lungs and air sacs for extra oxygen for flight
Temp Regulation: Endotherm (internally regulates body temp so it is constant)
Reproduction: internal fertilization and lay amniotic egg with a hard shell, must incubate eggs
Adaptations: hollow bones for flight, feathers are lightweight, wings

15. Birds
Circulation: 4 chambered heart (one side pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs the other side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body)

16. What are mammals? Must haves to be a mammal: Hair
Mammary glands that secrete milk to nurse young
Diaphragm to expand and contract chest cavity to get more oxygen
Specialized teeth (ex. Molars, canines, incisors)
Can learn!

17. Mammals
Temp Regulation: Endotherms, maintain fairly constant body temperature
Circulation: 4 chambered heart the oxygenated blood is kept separate from the deoxygenated blood
Respiration: Diaphragm – sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

18. What is the role of hair for mammals?
Why is HAIR important?
Insulation
Waterproofing
Conserves body heat
Mammals cool off by panting and sweating

19. How are mammals classified?
Mammals are classified into 3 groups based on their method of reproduction
Placental Mammals
Marsupials
Monotremes

20. What are Placental Mammals?
Carries baby in the mother’s uterus until development is almost complete
Placenta provides food for the baby, allows gas exchange, and removes waste
95% of mammals are placental

21. What are Marsupials?
After a baby has grown to a certain size, the mom carries the baby inside a pouch made of skin and hair on the outside of the mom’s body
Most are found in Australia

22. What are Monotremes? Reproduces by laying eggs
Found only in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea
3 species of monotremes alive today (platypus, spiny anteater and long-beaked echidna