1. Kingdom Animalia Mrs. Geist Biology, Fall 2010-2011 Swansboro High School

2. NC SCOS 4.01: Analyze the classification of organisms according to their evolutionary relationships: ▫The historical development and changing nature of classification systems. ▫Similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. ▫Similarities and differences among the eukaryotic kingdoms: Protists, Fungi, Plants, and animals. ▫Classify organisms.

3. NC SCOS 4.02: Analyze the processes by which organisms representative of the following groups accomplish essential life functions including: ▫unicellular protists, annelid worms, insects, amphibians, mammals, non-vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms ▫transport, excretion, respiration, regulation, nutrition, synthesis, reproduction, and growth and development.

4. Comparisons of 6 kingdoms EukaryoticLacks Cell Walls MulticellularHeterotrophic Archaea Bacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals

5. Comparisons of 6 kingdoms EukaryoticLacks Cell Walls MulticellularHeterotrophic ArchaeaNono BacteriaNonosome ProtistsAllsome FungiAllfewmostall PlantsAllnoneallfew AnimalsAllall

6. What is an animal? Four key characteristics: ▫Eukaryotic ▫Lack cell walls ▫Multicellular ▫Heterotrophs that ingest food.

7. Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates Invertebrates: animals without backbones ▫95% of animals ▫Most live in aquatic or moist terrestrial habitats ▫i.e. sea stars, jellyfish, snails, clams, insects, and worms Vertebrates: animals with backbones ▫Mainly terrestrial, but also live in marine and freshwater habitats ▫i.e. fishes, frogs, snakes, dogs, humans

8. Animal Life Cycle Adult male and female animals produce haploid gametes by meiosis Fertilization: an egg and a sperm fuse to form a diploid zygote Zygote undergoes mitosis Zygote  embryo  fetus

9. Animal Life Cycle (continued) Many animals then develop directly into adults Others (i.e. sea star) go through 1+ larval stages ▫Larva: immature form of an animal that looks different from the adult forms and usually eats different food ▫Larva undergoes metamorphosis to become an adult

10. Invertebrate Animals Focusing on select Phyla.

11. Important Terminology Closed Circulatory System: blood remains contained within vessels Open Circulatory System: blood vessels open into chambers where the organs are bathed directly in blood

12. Phylum Annelids Round body Segmented worms Closed circulatory system

13. Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods) Segmented bodies Jointed appendages Exoskeleton- hard external skeleton made of protein and chitin ▫As it grows, it sheds its exoskeleton and secretes a new one (molting) Open circulatory system i.e. insects, crustaceans, spiders

14. Vertebrate Animals—Phylum Chordata * Focusing on select classes

15. Fishes—3 classes: Class Agnatha- jawless fishes ▫i.e. hagfish, lamprey ▫Cartilage skeleton ▫No paired fins ▫No scales Class Chondricthyes- sharks, skates, and rays Class Osteichthyes- bony fishes ▫Swim bladder- control depth, 2 nd respiratory organ

16. General Characteristics of Fishes Aquatic Sexual reproduction 2-chambered heart Gills Ectotherm: cold-blooded External fertilization

17. Class Amphibia Metamorphosis: tadpole  frog ▫Larval stage (tadpoles) lives in water, while adult stage lives on land Respiration: Gills as larva, lungs & moist skin in adults Sexual reproduction 3-chambered heart i.e. frogs, salamander, caecilians (legless & blind)

18. Class Reptilia amniotic egg (waterproof egg with a shell), internal fertilization, and water-tight skin Most lay eggs, though some give birth to live young Ectotherms: main source of body heat is external environment Scaly skin i.e. turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, alligators

19. Class Aves  Birds Hollow bones Feathers Endotherms: warm-blooded Gizzards: muscular organ that grinds seeds and other foods 4-chambered heart Sexual reproduction Evolved from Theropod dinosaur

20. Class Mammalia Endotherms Mammary glands: produce milk in female mammals Hair or fur Lungs Sexual reproduction 4-chambered heart i.e. deer, wolves, elephants, giraffes, tigers, dogs, cats, humans