Physical Science: Study Guide

states of matter The three forms that matter usually takes: solid, liquid, and gas.

Molecule A single particle of matter made up of two or more atoms joined together.

physical change A change in the size, shape, or state of matter that does not change it into a new kind of matter.

Conductors Material that an electrical charge can move through easily

electric circuit A continuous flow of electric charges.

Electromagnet A strong temporary magnet that uses electricity to produce magnetism.

Insulators Materials that electric charges do not move through easily.

Magnet An object that attracts certain materials, mainly iron.

Mass The amount of matter in an object.

Atom The smallest particle of matter.

Matter Anything that has mass and take up space.

chemical change A change in matter that produces new kinds of matter.

static electricity An electric charge that builds up on a material like a balloon.

series circuit A circuit with one single pathway

magnet poles The two areas on a magnet with the greatest magnetic force.

parallel circuit A circuit that has more than one pathway

Chemical Change An example is paper being turned into ash.

puddle of water Changing form a liquid to a gas is a change in state. Changes of state are physical changes, so an evaporating puddle does not form a new kind of matter.

molecules in a gas do not stay close together

chemical change Rust on a metal cookie sheet Wood burnign in a campfire An Alka-Seltzer tablet bubbling in a cup of water Making blueberry muffins Paper burning

physical change Folding a paper into the shape of a bird Paper being cut into the shape of a snowflake Water evaporating from a puddle A melting popsicle Breaking a window Liquid water becoming ice

Heat & Energy When a cup of warm water is put in the refrigerator energy is taken away from the water.

Heat & Energy When the sun shines on a parking lot, energy is added to the parking lot.

Heat & Energy When solid iron is melted, energy is added to the iron.

static electricity A built-up of an electric charge

Types of Matter Positive Negative Neutral — + + — — — — — — — — — + — + — — + + — + + —

Matter Attracts Two samples of matter that have different charges will attract Repel Two samples of matter that have the same charge will attract

Compass Needle always points North

electromagnet vs. bar magnet? An electromagnets uses electricity and can be turned on and off. To increase the strength of an electromagnet, you can wrap more wire around the iron core A bar magnet has a North and South pole and can not be turned on or off.

Circuits Flipping a switch on closes a circuit. Flipping a switch off opens a circuit.

Circuits Circuit A is a series circuit. Circuit B is a parallel circuit.

three parts of every working circuit Power source (battery) Conductor (wire) Something that uses the electricity (light bulb)

three parts of an electromagnet Power source (battery) Conductor (wire) An iron core wrapped with a conductor (bolt wrapped wire)

Magnets N S S S S N N N Magnets that attract Magnets that repel.

Conductors Metal Spoon Water Metals

Insulators plastic sweater balloon