1. Circuit and Magnet Project by Gautham Mudireddy Ms. Dowling 5 th Grade

2. Static electricity  Static electricity occurs when an object that has negatively charged particles meets an object with positively charged particles. There are also objects that are electrically neutral, meaning that they have the same number of positive and negative charges. Rubbing is a way to create static electricity. For example, if you walk across your carpet rug and answer the door, the doorknob will give you a shock. This happens because you pick up negatively charge d particles when you first had an overall positive charge, and now you have an overall negative charge from rubbing your feet on the carpet rug. The doorknob has an overall positive charge, so that’s how you get a shock.

3. Insulators/conductors  An insulator is an object that doesn’t let materials flow through easily.  4 examples of insulators are plastic, rubber, glass, and dry wood.  A conductor is an object that lets materials pass through easily.  4 examples of conductors are water, gold, silver, and copper.  Insulator/ conductor

4. Circuits  The pathway that electric current follows is called an electric circuit. The circuit can be closed, or complete, which is a path that does not have any gaps or openings. A circuit with a gap is called an open or incomplete circuit. Most circuit have a device called a switch. A switch closes and opens a circuit. Lower the switch, and the circuit closes and the light bulb will light. Lift the switch up and the circuit opens, and the light bulb turns off.  Every working circuit has at least 3 parts: a power source, which includes a battery, a conductor, {usually a wire}, and an object that uses electric current, such as a light bulb. If you open a circuit, it will not work because electric current can not flow. If you close a circuit, it will work because electric current can flow.  When a circuit has three parts, current flows in only one pathway. However, a circuit can have more parts which include a switch, more than one battery, and more than one object using current. There are two ways to arrange the pathway of a circuit, which are described below:  In a series circuit, the parts are connected so that electric current passes through each part, one after another, along a single pathway. If you remove one part from the circuit, you create a gap and current no longer moves through any of the parts.  In a parallel circuit, the parts are connected so that current passes along more than one pathway. If you remove one part from the circuit, current still moves through the other parts.

5. Bar magnets and electromagnets  3 similarities in bar magnets and electromagnets include: electromagnets and bar magnets are both magnets; both have a magnetic field; both produce magnetism.  3 differences in bar magnets and electromagnets include :bar magnet has poles, but an electromagnet doesn’t; a bar magnet is permanent, and a electromagnet is temporary; and a bar magnet is made of magnetite, and an electromagnet is made up of wire, battery, and iron.