Ch. 17: Progressive Movement  Progressivism  Roots of Progressivism  Religious Groups  Carrie Nation  Radicals  Muckrakers The Jungle History of Standard Oil  Chicago  Scientific Management  Commission form of Gov’t.  Council-Manager form of Gov’t.  Robert “Battling Bob” LaFollette  Direct Primary  Muller v. Oregon, 1908  Minor v. Harppersett (1875)  Suffrage  Theodore Roosevelt ( )  Square Deal  1902 Coal Strike  Curb Trusts  1903 Elkins Act  1906 Hepburn Act  Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906  Conservation  National Reclamation Act, 1902  US Forest Service, 1905  William H. Taft ( )  Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910  16 th Amendment  17 th Amendment  Bull Moose Party New Nationalism  Woodrow Wilson  New Freedom  Underwood Tariff  18 th Amendment  19 th Amendment  Federal Reserve System, 1913  Federal Trade Commission, 1914  Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914  Civil Rights  Niagara Movement

Ch. 17: NC Competency Goals  US 7.01: Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism.  US 7.02: Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and political gains in the Progressive Period.  US 7.03: Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on different regions and segments of the United States' society.  Student Objectives:  Students will be able to:  Identify & explain the key terms on pages 518, 522, 531, 537, & 543.  Successfully complete the chapter review on pages ;  Identify the main social problems of the time & explain how they were solved;  Explain the role of muckrakers in Progressive society;  Identify & explain the presidency of all 3 Progressive Presidents;  Analyze the Women’s Rights movement;  Identify & explain all 4 Progressive Amendments; and  Assess the problems faced by minority community & analyze the extent of how those problems were addressed.

Grangers Populists PROGRESSIVISM Reform movement that called for gov’t. to fix the problems of Society 2 Main Goals: Protect individual rights & regulate big business Mainly working class people Social ReformsGov’t. Reforms ProblemsSolutions Tenement Houses Tenement House Law 1901: Stricter building codes Child Labor Child Labor Committee 1904: To end child labor Children’s Bureau, 1912: Investigate & end child labor Meat Packing Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906: Label food & change processing techniques Drinking Prohibition & Temperance: Effort to ban alcohol Led by Carrie Nation ProblemsSolutions Spoils System & Patronage Merit System & Pendleton Act: Must take test to prove you can do the job Political Machines & City Bosses City-Manager Form & Commission Form of Gov’t.: Professionals in charge of running the city gov’t. 17 th Amendment: Citizens elect their Senators, not city boss Direct Primary: Voters select nominees for upcoming elections

PROGRESSIVISM REFORMERS The people or groups that made it happen Social Reformers Gov’t. Reformers Muckrakers Investigative journalists that exposed problems in society Uncovered ugly aspects of American life Social Gospel Mvmt. YMCA Salvation Army Temperance Mvmt. Robert “Battling Bob” La Follette: Reformer at State level Upton Sinclair Exposed problems in Meat packing industry Wrote: The Jungle Ida Tarbell Jacob Riis Ida Wells Exposed problems in Standard Oil Industry Wrote: History of Standard OIl Exposed problems with Tenement housing Wrote: How the Other ½ Lives Exposed lynching Wrote: Lynching & Other Southern Horrors US Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt William Taft Woodrow Wilson Reformers at the Federal level

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT: Republican Nicknames: TR, Teddy, Trustbuster Tariffs Feelings about Trusts Keep good ones & get rid of bad ones Enforced Sherman Anti-Trust Act Platform Square Deal: Protect little people from Big Business High Laws Passed Elkins Act, 1903: Illegal to change rates or give rebates without notice Hepburn Act, 1906: Set maximum rate railroads can charge Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906 Conservation TR considered this to be a very important issue Nat’l. Reclamation Act, 1902: Created irrigation projects in the West US Forest Srvc., 1905: Manages Nation’s water & timber resources Conservation Laws 1902 Coal Strike: TR used arbitration to stop strike; threatened to use military Pres. Can end strikes to protect American people

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT William Taft: Republican Platform None Feelings about Trusts Attacked ALL trusts Tariffs Said he would lower tariffs, but never did Conservation Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910: Sold land TR set aside Angered TR & conservationists Laws Passed None Amendments 16 th : Income Tax 17 th : Direct Election of Senators

TR Returns to Politics  TR didn’t like what Taft was doing & decided to run for Pres. in 1912  Bull Moose Party Progressive 3rd Party of TR Tariff reductions, women’s suffrage, labor reforms, conservation etc. New Nationalism: Fed. Gov’t. would put national need before sectional or personal advantage  Reforming public welfare  Shot during campaign speech, kept speaking despite wound (1.5 hrs.)  In the 1912 election, the Rep. party split their vote between Taft & TR  TR got more votes than Taft, but Dems. won & take control of Congress

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT Woodrow Wilson: 1913 – 1920 Democrat Platform NEW FREEDOM Attacked the triple wall of privilege Tariffs, Trusts & High Finance Feelings about Trusts Committed to regulating Big Business Federal Trade Commission, 1914: Investigated Unfair business practices Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914: Unions & strikes are legal Tariffs Underwood Tariff: Lowered tariffs Amendments 18 th : Prohibition 19 th : Women’s suffrage Finances Federal Reserve Bank System, 1913: Controls $ supply 12 districts in USA Prevented bank failures Laws Passed

Women had very few rights in the early 20 th Century (1900s) Court Cases Muller v. Oregon, 1908 Limited hours women Laundry workers could work Minor v. Happersett, 1875 Said women were citizens, but they were not guaranteed the right to vote Women’s movement to gain The right to vote Used picketing, parades, & civil disobedience Suffrage 19 th Amendment gave women the right to vote Leaders of the Women’s Suffrage Movement Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton Josephine Ruffin

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS & CIVIL RIGHTS Progressive Presidents did very little to aid civil rights for certain groups African Americans Jim Crow Laws made Stronger No Anti-Lynching Laws Niagara Movement: Meeting of African Americans to discuss black concerns & issues Native Americans Forced to assimilate & live on reservations Feared culture would not survive 1930s: Finally allowed To practice traditions Equality still a long way off Immigrants Faced lots of discrimination