1. Government should be accountable to citizens. How do we do this today? Government should curb the power of the wealthy. Does this happen today? Government should be given expanded power over citizens so that it could help them more. What do you think about this? Governments should be efficient and not be so corrupt. Is this possible?

2.  Immigrants living in tenement housing, turning to organized crime  Urbanization and city growth  Rise of the political machine (Tammany Hall)  Poor working conditions (child labor, etc)  Jim Crow Laws and Black Codes in the South  Lack of women rights  Problems were exposed by muckrakers.

3.  Teddy Roosevelt!!!!!!!- Republican- Square Deal  Square Deal: Conserve nature, Consumer Protection, Control Corporations  William Howard Taft- Republican  Woodrow Wilson- Democrat (wins because of the Bull Moose party)

4.  Immigrants caused massive urbanization due to restrictive covenants and tenement housing. This urbanization led to disasters such as the Great Chicago Fire.  This was dramatized in the book How the Other Half Lives- Jacob Riis  Laws were passed that were supported by nativists and worked to end immigration. These laws were the Chinese Exclusion Acts, Alien Contract Laws and the Gentlemen’s Agreement.  Settlement houses were created through out major cities to help with immigrants.

7.  A political machine was an unofficial city organization that tried to keep a certain political group in power.  These often operated on an exchange of favors. They often gave jobs or graft in order to gain power. This is also called the spoils system.  The best example of a political machine would be William Marcy Tweed (known as Boss Tweed), the leader of Tammany Hall. Pendleton Civil Service Act attempted to end the spoils system.  Fighting Bob LaFollette of Wisconsin- helps create the secret ballot as well as referendum, recall and initiative

10.  Social Gospel Movement: a movement that developed within religious institutions and believe that God wanted people to help the poor  Settlement Houses: a Community center that worked to teach immigrants how to adapt to society. Examples of this included Hull House and Henry Street Settlement.  Temperance  Emphasis on education in public schools- continued the ideas of Horace Mann

11.  Plessy vs. Ferguson: Separate but equal  De facto segregation in the North: not legally created but socially enforced  Voting restrictions: poll tax, reading tests and grandfather clauses.  Creation of the NAACP led by W.E.B Du Bois- argued for immediate rights for blacks  Booker T. Washington believed that African Americans should attempt to fit in to “white culture” and began the Tuskegee Institute

14.  Seneca Falls Convention- Declaration of Sentiments  Mother Jones and the Wobblies  Equal Rights Amendment of 1923  New women’s universities  Civil Disobedience  Temperance Movement

18. : a muckraker is someone who stirs up dirt or corruption  Problems in food and drug creation: Exposed by muckraker Upton Sinclair in The Jungle : a muckraker is someone who stirs up dirt or corruption  Dangerous working conditions: Exposed by the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and in Ida Tarbell’s The History of the Standard Oil Company

19.  The Jungle exposed problems in the meat packing industry  Led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration  Pure Food and Drug Act was passed  Mary had a little lamb, and when she saw it sicken, She shipped it off to Packington and now it’s labeled chicken

20.  Beginning of national parks!

21.  16 th – 19 th Amendments*  Pendleton Civil Service Act  NAACP  FDA  Attack on monopolies: Underwood Tarrif Act, Clayton Antitrust Act, Interstate Commerce Act, Federal Trade Commission  Federal Reserve created  More unions and more strikes!