1. THE PROGRESSIVE ERA: Social and Political Change Cause and Effect

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
SS.912.A.3.8 Examine the importance of social change and reform in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (class system, migration from farms to cities, Social Gospel movement, role of settlement houses and churches in providing services to the poor).
SS.912.A.3.10 Review different economic and philosophic ideologies.
SS.912.A.3.11 Analyze the impact of political machines in United States cities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
SS.912.A.3.12 Compare how different nongovernmental organizations and progressives worked to shape public policy, restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life.

3. The Progressive Era
Source

4. What was the Progressive Era ?
It happened between 1890’s and 1920’s
This was a time where people wanted social and political reform
People were concerned with corruption, social welfare, and moral improvement
Called for the regulation of the big businesses

5. Progressive Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson

6. The Presidents and Changes in Policies
Roosevelt Square Deal and Big Stick Diplomacy
“Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far”
Square Deal-treat all equally, no one favored
He was a “Trust Buster”. The Roosevelt Corollary 1904 allowed to use force to protect economic interest
He wanted to protect consumers and the environment

7. The Presidents and Changes in Policies
Taft and Dollar Diplomacy
Continued with trust busting
Was more conservative than Roosevelt
Used loans to foreign countries to get them to do what the United States wanted
After his presidency he was appointed to the supreme court

8. The Presidents and Changes in Policies
Wilson New Freedom and Moral Diplomacy
The United States has a moral responsibility to protect the world
Human rights
In business the government should create a level playing field
Anti-trust policies

9. Political Parties and Their Platforms
The “People’s Party”
Was a short lived party who were the voice for the farmers against banks and railroads
Populist Party
Wanted more government control over business
Worked with the unions and to end capitalism
Socialist Party
Bull Moose Party
Roosevelt formed this party when he broke from the Republican party
They fought for reforms in politics and social issues.

10. Political Machines
A group who controlled the political activities in the city and gained control of city governments.
The political machine would offer services to voters and businesses in exchange for their votes and financial support.
They worked to make sure their candidates would get elected. In exchange, they passed whatever policies or special favors the "boss" needed.

11. Social Gospel Movement
Churches, as part of their faith, preached that Christians should help the poor through service
Source

12. Political Reforms The Reformers wanted to change how things were going
They questioned social and economic policies and standards
Reformers wanted to create better living conditions, better working conditions
Their efforts helped to create laws about child labor, housing and working conditions.

13. Political Reforms Muckrakers These were reformers who were journalist
They wrote stories to expose issues in communities, businesses and government
They raised awareness of corruption, poverty, unsafe working conditions, child labor and lack of standards in industry
This was the start of investigative journalism
This led to issues being reformed with new laws and legislation

14. The Jungle In 1906 Upton Sinclair published The Jungle
This is a novel recounting the harsh and unsanitary working conditions in the meat packing industry
This led to the Meat Inspection Act and set new safety standards

15. Child Labor
Children often worked 70 hour work weeks in factories to help support their families
Lewis W. Hine, documented working conditions of children through his photos and helped reform conditions

16. Political Reforms
NAACP is an organization who fought for civil rights for African Americans
It was as co-founded by W.E.B. DuBois an African American activist
Mary Church Terrell was another activist and charter member of the NAACP and an advocate for civil rights and the suffrage movement

17. Political Reforms Women’s Rights
Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were social reformers for women’s rights
They founded several organizations to fight for women’s rights

18. The Progressive Era Created Amendments
The 16th Amendment (1913) allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states
The 17th Amendment (1913) established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.
The 18th Amendment
(1920) established the prohibition of alcohol.
The 19th Amendment (1920) Women's Right to Vote

19. Additional Resources
article on muckrakers
The Gilded Age and Progressive Reform 10 minute video that shows pictures with the downside of the era
this is a power point comparing the Progressive Presidents and their main policies/programs
Progressive Era Presidents, 43 minute video from history channel
Progressive Era; The Muckrakers, video, slide show on what a muckraker is, 4 minutes
American Labor-A Journey of Struggle 5 minute video that combines modern and old describing the rise of unions.
information text on Taft’s accomplishments