1. Populism + Progressivism
Lecture 6

2. Standard
Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the Populists and Progressives
Essential Question: How did Muckrakers lay the foundation for the Progressive Movement?

3. Farmers and the Populist Movement
Farmer Alliance, 1870s
Farmers = frustrated by falling crop prices
formed a group to work together
Populist Party, 1890s
Farmers tried again with the People’s Party
Tried to unite western and southern farmers with eastern factory workers
CSS

4. The Populist Platform Populists saw a need for change Platform
increase $ supply
graduated income tax
federal loan program
election of senators by popular vote
eight hour work day

5. Populist Movement William Jennings Bryan, 1896 The Populist candidate
“Cross of Gold” Speech
Blamed rich for keeping money too scarce
He lost the election
Interstate Commerce Act

6. Muckrakers
American journalists who exposed corruption in business and politics
Laid the foundation for the Progressive Movement
Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil
Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives
Lincoln Steffens
Shame of the Cities

7. Bosses of the Senate

8. The Problems Big business was unregulated and overbearing
Political Machines
Monopolies and trusts were too big
Cities were filled with crime, filth, disease, and corruption
Poor, women, and blacks lacked basic rights
Working Conditions

9. Social Reforms Women’s Christian Temperance Union, 1873
18th Amendment (Prohibition)
federal ban on the manufacture and transportation of alcohol
motivated by anti-immigrant feelings

10. Social Reforms Workers’ Rights Keating-Owen Act, 1916
many states passed laws to require job safety, worker’s compensation, and limit work hours
Keating-Owen Act, 1916
made child labor illegal but was thrown out by the Supreme Court
child labor was finally banned in 1938

11. The Jungle = + Upton Sinclair
Revealed truth about the condition of the Chicago meat packing plants
Meat Inspection Act, 1906
authorized federal inspection of meat
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
Labels
led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration = +

12. Political Reforms 17th Amendment, 1913 Australian Ballot
voters pick US senators instead of the state congress
Australian Ballot
a secret ballot

13. Sister Suffragettes 19th Amendment (Women’s Suffrage), 1920
Carrie Chapman Catt (NAWSA) tried to get states to give women the vote
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, were the leaders of NAWSA
by 1919, only 15 states (mostly in the west) gave all women the vote

14. Economic Reforms Trust Busting Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914
Progressives regulated trusts to increase competition
Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914
Wilson gave the government more power to break up trusts

15. Economic Reforms 16th Amendment (Federal Income Tax)
gave government the right to raise tax on income
Federal Reserve Act, 1913
the Fed acts as a safety net so banks don’t go under
it decides how much money should exist
it sets the interest rate

16. NAACP 1911
W.E.B. DuBois founded the organization to fight for black rights
NAACP targeted the court system
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
segregation, Jim Crow laws, lynching, hiring
protested against Birth of a Nation in 1915

17. Theodore Roosevelt (1901 – 1909)
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS
Theodore Roosevelt (1901 – 1909)
William Taft (1909 – 1913)
Woodrow Wilson (1913 – 1921)