Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions  How might the proximity (closeness) of countries impact a conflict/fight?  What are alliances?  Predict how they might lead to war.

Map Activity – Pg. 579Map Activity – Pg. 579  France  Spain  Portugal  Austria- Hungary  Germany  Belgium  Switzerland  Bulgaria  Ottoman Empire  Italy  Russia  Serbia  Norway  Sweden  United Kingdom Step 1: Identify Key Countries Step 2: Identify Key Cities  Berlin  Paris  Vienna  Sarajevo  Rome  Constantinople  St. Petersburg Step 3: Shade in these alliances: Central PowersAllied PowersNeutral Countries

Ticket to Leave: How did/do you think alliances could start a HUGE war?

Article on World War I – Why it still resonates today  Underline important things and write down (CCQ’s): 1.Comments (Your thoughts as you read) 2.Connections (Does it remind you or anything) 3.Questions (This could be anything)

What’s going on in the world before the war?  The Powers of the world are changing going into the 1900s  Countries in Europe becoming enemies  New countries are forming  Countries building up armies to control parts of the world

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy pg. 576  Wilson opposed imperialism. What did he believe America should promote around the world?  What event tested Wilson’s policy as soon as he took office?  List the events in order of the Mexican Revolution. (You don’t need dates, and can use bullet points)  Where will Wilson send troops in Mexico?  How do the Mexicans feel about Americans?  Who was Pancho Villa, and what were guerillas?  Who does Wilson send into Mexico? Are they successful?  How does the rest of the world view this whole situation?

Woodrow Wilson’s DiplomacyWoodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy  Opposed imperialism (What’s that?)  US should promote democracy  His policy is tested early on in his presidency….

The Mexican Revolution – Events impact the US even if we don’t think they will…  Unrest in Mexico – Country ruled by elite  1911  rebellion forced dictator (Porfirio Diaz) to flee  Eventually, Military Leader ( General Victoriano Huerta ) takes over  HE HATES THE US  Wilson takes action against Huerta

Wilson Sends Troops to MexicoWilson Sends Troops to Mexico  Woodrow Wilson thinks most Mexicans are Pro- American  They’re NOT  Wilson takes over a port in Mexico controlled by bad guys  Pancho Villa – Mexican Leader – Starts attacking Americans, in America (Guerilla Warfare)

How it ends?How it ends?  Wilson sends General John Pershing into Mexico to capture Villa  Drags on for 3 years…  Wilson has to give up  Mexico hates the US, and the world didn’t like US attempts to create governments in these places

Ticket to LeaveTicket to Leave  Was Wilson right to try and start a democracy in Mexico? Why?

Causes of WWI M.A.N.I.A  M ilitarism – building up of military  A lliances – pact/agreement between countries  N ationalism – pride in one’s country/homeland  I mperialism – taking over other countries  A ssassination – murder of government figures

Alliance SystemAlliance System  1871  Germany is created  Prussia had attacked France to give Germany some land (France hates Germany)  For protection  Germany signs alliances with Italy and Austria-Hungary ( Triple Alliance )  This scared Russia – Creates alliance with France

Militarism  Germany starts to build up a Navy that will challenge Great Britain’s  Arms Race  Great Britain gets nervous and forms an “entente cordiale” (Like an Alliance) with France and Russia  Triple Entente :  Great Britain  France  Russia

Nationalism Balkan Crisis  Serbia received independence in early 1800s from Ottoman Empire.  By early 1900s, many other Balkan regions who were under Austria-Hungarian or Ottoman Empire control wanted independence.  Serbia led quest to free all Slavic people in Balkan region.  Austria-Hungary did not want these Slavic nations of the Balkans free.

Imperialism  Powerful nations taking over weaker ones for wealth, natural resources, people, etc.  led to intense European competition

The Assassination!The Assassination!  June 28, 1914 – Archduke Francis Ferdinand, next king of Austria-Hungary, visited Sarajevo, the capital city of the province Bosnia of Austria-Hungary.  He and his wife Sophie were assassinated by Serbian nationalist (member of Black Hand) Gavrilo Princip.

The DeclarationsThe Declarations  July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (with Germany’s support.)  July 31, 1914: Russia mobilizes its army to help Serbia.  August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia.  August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France.  August 4, 1914: Germany invades Belgium on way to France & Great Britain declares war on Germany.

Ticket to Leave/Homework: Explain the role all the aspects of M.A.N.I.A played in the start of the war OR Do you think the actions of one man can start a war?

What would your plan be if you were Germany?

World War One  Schleiffen Plan: Germany invades West towards France hoping for quick defeat so it could focus on Russia in East.  Invade through neutral Belgium.  Triple Entente became the Allies.  Triple Alliance became the Central Powers (+ Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, - Italy.)  German plan was working (got within 30 miles of Paris.)  But Russia invaded Germany, dividing German forces.  Created Deadlock along WESTERN FRONT.

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality  President Wilson declared neutrality.  Many Americans supported one side or the other.  Immigrants supported their homelands.  Most Americans supported Allies.  Most American businesses and banks supported the Allies.  British used propaganda to gain America support.

 British Navy blockaded Germany to prevent them from receiving supplies.  Germany: U-Boats.  Feb. 1915: Germany announced it would sink any ship in Atlantic Ocean.  Germany claimed that many merchant ships were hiding contraband. Moving Toward WarMoving Toward War

Sinking of the LusitaniaSinking of the Lusitania  May 1915: German U- Boat sank British passenger ship Lusitania killing 1,200 people (128 Americans.)  Germany did not yet want U.S. in war; issued Sussex Pledge.  Wilson, as “peace President,” defeated Republican Charles Evans Hughes in 1916 election.

U.S. Declares WarU.S. Declares War  January, 1917 – German official Arthur Zimmerman sent telegram to Mexican government.  Zimmerman Note: Mexico declare war on the U.S.  When Germany won WWI, they would give back “lost territory” of Southwest back to Mexico.  British intelligence intercepted the telegram; American public outraged!  Between Feb. 3-March 21, 1917, German U Boats sank 6 American merchant ships.  April 2, 1917 – Wilson asks Congress for war on Germany.