What is a plant? Multicellular Autotroph Sounds like it could be a protist so far. And the embryo develops within the mother plant. Plants evolved from green algae

Flower Parts

Pollen (male sperm) lands on the female stigma Pollen travels down to the ovary and fertilizes the ovules (egg) Develops into a seed

What happens when a flower dies? When a ovule becomes fertilized, the flower is no longer needed. The petals fall off, and the seed needs some protection. The ovary forms into a fleshy body to protect the seed. A fruit is an ovary that has enlarged to protect a seed!

Seeds can be protected in different ways. When plants bear seeds that are ‘naked’, meaning not enclosed in an ovary they are called a______________. When seeds are protected in a fruit, they are classified as a/n _____________.

Do grasses have fruits? Grasses have fruits! Corn Rice Wheat

Seed Anatomy See board for more info

Seed Dispersal Seeds have adapted so make it easier for them to land in different places and eventually grow into a new plant. Stick to animals ( Burrs) Edible fruits (fruits) Travel by wind or water (helicopters/maple seeds, dandelions)

Seed Germination When a plant begins to grow, it needs favorable conditions. They must soak up water!! By taking up water, the seed expands and splits its seed coat.

Asexual Reproduction Remember cloning??? Asexual reproduction in plants is called vegetative reproduction. Many plants drop stems or shoots that develop into new plants (same DNA), and strawberries send out runners.

Anybody like to have beautiful flowers but not want to have to plant them year after year? Annuals – complete their life cycle (germinate, grow, produce flowers and seeds, and die) in one year. Biennials complete the cycle in two years and flower the second year. Perennials live and reproduce for many years. Which type of flower would you plant and why?

Plant structure Buds – undeveloped shoots (terminal =end of a stem) Blade – main part of the leaf Petiole – connects leaf to the stem Leaf veins – carry nutrients to/from leaves

Root types Fibrous roots – a mat of thin roots spread out below the surface providing increased exposure to nutrients and water Tap roots – characterized by one large vertical root with many smaller branches ex. carrots, turnips, and beets

Stems – support and transportation Vascular tissue – tubular cells used for transporting materials (like human veins) Two Types – –Xylem – transports water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots –Phloem – transports food (glucose) made in the leaves down to the parts that don’t make their own food (roots)

Plant Growth When a plant grows in length, this is called primary growth. Meristems – tissues that have cells going through mitosis Where is growth occurring? What protects the root? -Root cap

If primary growth is growth in length, what is secondary growth? Secondary growth is growth in width Occurs in woody plants Vascular cambium (actively going through mitosis) adds cells resulting in secondary growth secondary xylem – wood everything outside the vascular cambium is bark (made up of cork)

What are tree rings? Each year, the plant grows new vascular cambium cells. In the summer, there is plenty of water to transport therefore the cells are _______. Towards summer and fall, there is less water, and the cells are _______. This creates a new tree ring each year.

Oxygen out and carbon dioxide in

Tropisms Gravitropism – roots grow towards gravity Phototropism – stems and leaves grow towards light (photo)