HIV AIDS

AIDS It is incurable. It is fatal. HIV infection Over 1 million Americans 14 million people worldwide AIDS kills people Of all age groups All ethnic backgrounds Both men and women Homosexual & heterosexual It is NOT who you are that puts you at risk; it is what you DO - your behavior!

OVERVIEW Explain HIV/AIDS Transmission How to stop transmission Army’s policy

HIV AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome

HIV AIDS (VIRUS) (DISEASE) Body’s immune system is destroyed

IMMUNE SYSTEM BEING DESTROYED HIV AIDS INFECTION AIDS DEVELOPS (5-10 years, avg.) BLOOD TEST BECOMES POSITIVE (6 WK - 3 MO AVG) (blood test detects antibodies) IMMUNE SYSTEM BEING DESTROYED * * * DURING ENTIRE TIME, CAN INFECT OTHERS!! * * *

HIV MAINLY FOUND IN Blood Semen Vaginal fluid Breast milk

TRANSMITTING HIV HIV IS TRANSMITTED BY Sexual contact Vaginal Oral Anal Foreplay Contact with blood Needles Directly Maternal (infected mom to baby) During pregnancy During birth Breastmilk

TRANSMITTING HIV HIV is NOT transmitted through casual contact such as Sharing telephone Clothes Hugging or touching Sharing eating utensils Working or playing sports Bug bites

TRANSMITTING HIV HIV is transmitted through UNPROTECTED SEXUAL ACTIVITIES with an infected partner. VAGINAL SEX ANAL SEX ORAL SEX DURING FOREPLAY

TRANSMITTING HIV HIV is transmitted through CONTACT WITH BLOOD Sharing of dirty needles and syringes Tattoo Ear piercing Body piercing Drugs Directly Spills

TRANSMITTING HIV ALCOHOL (drinking) and DRUGS are cofactors in HIV transmission. They change your ability to think clearly, to make good choices.

PROTECTION AGAINST HIV TRANSMISSION SEXUAL Not having sex Sex with monogamous partner who doesn’t engage in risky behavior Activities with no exchange of semen or vaginal fluids Sex using a latex condom (close to but not 100% effective)

CONDOM TIPS Use latex condoms only Store in a cool, dry place out of the sun Use a new condom for every act of sex Put on condom before any genital contact Carefully handle the condom (to avoid damaging it)

CONDOM TIPS (CONT’D) Leave space at tip of condom void of air for semen as you unroll it Unroll the condom completely Use a lubricant on outside (it must be water-based, not oil) Withdraw while penis is still erect to avoid leakage

PROTECTION AGAINST HIV TRANSMISSION During ORAL SEX Use barrier protection

PROTECTION AGAINST HIV TRANSMISSION BLOOD Ears pierced or getting a tattoo Always ensure needle is sterile Use protection if handling blood gloves, for example (IV drug usage not addressed in military class)

PROBLEM SOLVING DECISION MAKING When making a decision: Get information on actions and consequences (results) of decision THEN Make the decision: Be sure you are willing to accept the consequences of that decision! THINK BEFORE YOU ACT!!!

Communicate your decision clearly and specifically COMMUNICATION Consists of Verbal messages Nonverbal messages Communicate your decision clearly and specifically

ARMY SURVEY 1990-1992 18,125 soldiers 42% reported one or more high risk behaviors in the past 12 months such as: 1 or more one night stands 5 or more sexual partners 1 or more sex partners who had HIV/AIDS 1 or more prostitutes as sex partners

ARMY SURVEY 1990-1992 18,125 soldiers 16% said sex without a condom was worth the risk of infection 14% said it was safe for soldiers to have unprotected sex with other soldiers since all are tested

6 months before OCONUS deployments HIV ARMY POLICY Testing every 2 years 6 months before OCONUS deployments IF POSITIVE Counseling Ordered not to have unprotected sex; must inform partner May not be deployed OCONUS

SUMMARY HIV is transmitted via semen, vaginal fluid, blood and breast milk. HIV can be passed between sexes AND within (homosexual and heterosexual). A person who is HIV infected my look and feel fine.

SUMMARY (cont’d) ANYONE is at risk for getting infected with HIV (It is NOT who you are; it is what you do!!) IF engaging in risky behavior, use barrier (condom) protection. Respect yourself - Protect yourself! BEST protection: engage in non-risky behaviors (ex: abstinence, monogamous)

BEFORE SEX AFTER SEX Use a new condom every time you have sex-before foreplay, before penis gets anywhere near any body opening. (To avoid exposure to any body fluid that can carry infection.) Handle condom gently. Put condom on as soon as penis is hard. Be sure rolled-up ring is on the outside. And leave space at tip to hold semen when you come. Squeeze tip gently so no air is trapped inside. Hold tip while you unroll condom...all the way down to the hair. If condom doesn’t unroll, its on wrong. Throw it away. Start over with a new one. AFTER SEX Pull out slowly right after you come, while penis is still hard. Hold condom in place on penis to avoid spilling semen. Turn and move completely away before you let go of condom. Throw used condom away. And no more sex without a new condom