Beginning of Change in the Colonies Zenger Trial, Salutary Neglect, & the impact of the French & Indian War

German immigrant to New York German immigrant to New York – Zenger Begins printing New York Weekly Journal – New York Governor Removes govt. officials Removes govt. officials Starts a new court Starts a new court Attempts to rig a tri al Attempts to rig a tri al Zenger’s Journal fires back Zenger’s Journal fires back – Zenger’s paper accuses the governor of threatening “liberties and properties & violating rules of office” Govt. indicted Zenger for libel Govt. indicted Zenger for libel Grand jury clears Zenger of charges Grand jury clears Zenger of charges Beginning of right of a free press Beginning of right of a free press

The colonial leaders shared power England interfered very little with colonial affairs Parliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governors Self-government grew in the colonies ROYAL GOVERNOR  Appointed by crown  Oversaw colonial trade  Final approval on laws  Could dismiss colonial assy.  Appointed by governor  Advisory board to governor  Acted as high court in colonies  Elected by eligible colonists  Made laws  Had authority to tax  Paid governor’s salary Governor’s Council Colonial Assembly

War begins shortly after alliances are made with the natives Many small conflicts took place in the backcountry, known as the Ohio River Valley Ohio was coveted by both the British & French Both sides pushed for settlement, using military forces for support British sent 21-year-old George Washington to remove the Ft. Duquesne

Delegates approve Ben Franklin’s plan unite the colonies under a central govt. – Called to unite the colonies under a central govt. – Called for a president- general in the colonies – Called for legislative assembly w/ power to tax Colonies REJECT Franklin’s plan Colonies REJECT Franklin’s plan to unite the colonies against the French Colonies didn’t want to give too much power to one central govt.

New British Prime Minister William Pitt vows to pay for & win war at all costs British attack northern N.Y. & take French forts British attack French city of Quebec – French believed it to be impossible to attack British take Quebec in less than a month – Battle of Quebec was momentum swing & turning point in the war

France kept lands in the West Indies Britain took all French lands EAST of the Mississippi River Britain took all French lands EAST of the Mississippi River France would keep all lands WEST of the Mississippi River and New Orleans – To repay losses, France gave Spain New Orleans and all they had WEST of the Mississippi Spain gave up Florida (for helping France) Treaty of Paris of 1763

England Limits Colonial Expansion British govt. tighten control on colonies after the Seven Years’ War Proclamation of 1763 – Prevent more fighting in the west due to Pontiac’s War & land-hungry settlers – Stop all expansion west of the Appalachian Mts. Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interests – Military is in charge British used soldiers to enforce the law – People could only designated points under military supervision