Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Europe Flash Cards: ClovisClovis The CarolingiansThe Carolingians 10

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Medieval Europe Flash Cards Charlemagne Lindesfarne

Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Europe Flash Cards: 10

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Medieval Europe 6 th – 12 th C. –Fragmentation prevails –Catholic Church strong  Offers refuge  Christian education –Iberia  Arab Muslims –Core: France, Low Countries, Germany –Later, England

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Medieval Europe Scandinavian Vikings –Raids from 8 th – 10 th C. Literacy declines –except within churches

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Manorial System Local, personal political & economic system Manorialism –Agricultural economy –Reciprocal obligations  labor for produce –Serfdom

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Manorial System 800s –Agricultural innovations  Moldboard  Crop rotation

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Church: Political and Spiritual Power Popes follow Roman organization –Appointed bishops –Sponsored missionaries

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Church: Political and Spiritual Power Monasticism –Benedict of Nursia  He wrote the book  Benedictine rule –Spiritual functions  Holiness  Network  Pilgrimage centers

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Church: Political and Spiritual Power Monasticism –Secular functions  Education  Large estates  Sheltered travelers –Universities  from 13 th C.

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Charlemagne’s Empire

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Charlemagne Frankish Carolingian dynasty –Charles “The Hammer” Martel  732, defeated Muslims at Tours –Charles the Great (Charlemagne)  800, crowned emperor  Copied Roman central administration  814, died Empire fragmented

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Charlemagne Charlemagne’s sons –843, Treaty of Verdun  Empire divided into 3 kingdoms Holy Roman emperors –Ruled Germany, Italy

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Europe Toward the End of the Middle Ages, c C.E.

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert New Economic and Urban Vigor Agricultural improvements –Increased production –Surplus, wealth, population growth Towns grew –Literacy expanded Education –Cathedral schools, from 11 th C. –Universities, from 13 th C.

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Feudal Monarchies Personal relationship –Military service for land Some lords emerged more powerful –Capetian kings of France –Developed bureaucracies

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Feudal Monarchies William the Conqueror, 1066 ce. –Norman conquest of England –Bayeux tapestry –Centralized gov’t  Sheriffs, courts

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Limited Government Political fragmentation continued –limited by church, nobles, towns 1215, Magna Carta –King John recognized supremacy of written law

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Limited Government Representative bodies –Catalonia, from 1000 –England, from 1265 Monarchs continued to increase power –Large conflicts –e.g., Hundred Years War,

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Expansionist Impulse Germanic knights –From 11 th C., into eastern Germany, Poland Iberia –Northern Christian states began reconquista Vikings –Crossed Atlantic

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Expansionist Impulse Crusades, –Called by Urban II  Initial success –New contact with Islam

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Religious Reform and Evolution Gregorian reform, 11 th C. –Based in monasteries –Gregory VII  Separated secular and religious spheres Mendicants, 13 th C. –St. France, St. Clare, St. Dominic

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Medieval Europe Theology: Assimilated Faith and Reason –Explored Greek philosophy –Peter Abelard, 12 th C.  Rational examination of doctrine –Debated in universities

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Medieval Europe Theology: Assimilated Faith and Reason –Thomas Aquinas  Summas  Faith was primary  Reason led to understanding  Scholasticism –Roger Bacon

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Religion in Art & Literature Romanesque architecture –Especially monastic buildings Gothic –From 11th century

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Religion in Art and Literature 12 th C. –Vernacular, secular literature  Song of Roland  Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer  Troubadours

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Growth of Trade Commerce expanded –Mediterranean zone joined w/ North Sea & Baltic Money replaced barter Banking, insurance merged Hanseatic League –Northern Germany, southern Scandinavia

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Growth of Trade Merchants relatively free –But low status Guilds, craft associations –Protected markets –Ensured standards –Maintained social roles

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Limited Sphere for Women Women generally lost ground Some opportunities as nuns

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Decline of the Medieval Times Widespread warfare, –Hundred Years War  National identities emerged –Weakened feudal order Population outstripped agriculture –Famines resulted Bubonic Plague (Black Death) –from 1347

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Signs of Strain Aristocracy lost military purpose –Foot soldiers more important –Increasingly decorative Church increasingly rigid Formative period –Dynamic change

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: Medieval Europe and the World Ambivalent attitudes towards surrounding peoples –Repeated invasions formative –Islam recognized for its superiority in many areas –Learning, copied from Arabic world –Changed in transcontinental connections  Volume of trade increased