1. WHAP Chapt 9 Part 2
Mr Pack

2. Whapt CHAP 9 Part 2
After the Fall of Rome , Roman provinces controlled by Germanic tribes ruled by Chieftains (no central government).
Feudalism forms- political, military unity that link lords together
Manorialism- peasants tied to the land to supply labor and agriculture to their lords.

3. Whap Chapt 9 Part 2
8-9 century- the Franks organize Germanic kingdoms together through military conquest (King Clovis ruler from ).
Clovis converts to Christianity- increases his support (from other kingdoms and pope)
Clovis descendants- Charles Martel (The Hammer) victor at the Battle of Tours in 732 that halts Islamic expansion into Europe, and Charlemagne (742?- 814)

4. WHAP Chap 9 Part 2
Charlemagne expands empire- protects Europe from Viking raiders
Charlemagne- administrative system (counties) governed by a count
Charlemagne sends out royal agents (missi dominci) as the “eyes and ears” to report on count behavior
Charlemagne makes presence known by moving throughout Empire- crowned Holy Roman Emperor (800 CE) by Pope Leo III(act symbolizes superior authority of church)

5. Whap Chapt 9 Part 2
After Charlemagne dies his Carolingian empire is eventually spilt into thirds after Treaty of Verdun in 843. Charlemagne often called “The Father of Europe.”
Serfdom develops- (manorialism system) serfs work land owned by nobles in exchange for protection- crop rotation system (3) develops in 9th century, better plows, stirrups, horsecollar, windmills used
Barter system used (no money)

6. WHAP Chapt 2
Monasteries develop- Benedictine rule (poor, chaste, obedient, daily prayer, manual labor) written by Benedict in 540.
Monasteries operate schools, protect refugees, maintain libraries, copy books
Catholic church has great power- sets canon law (rules for behavior) Pope could excommunicate individuals or issue an interdict to expel ALL people in a ruler’s realm.

7. Church hierarchy medieval times

8. WHAP Chapt 9 Part 2
Investiture controversy- Kings and Pope disagree on who can appoint bishops
Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV actually is excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII- Goes on penitent walk to Canossa, waits outside gates for 3 days before begging Pope to reinstate him to the church.
Henry IV later sacks Rome after Pope Gregory supports a rival, causing Gregory to flee Rome.

9. WHAP Chap 9 Part 2
Antipope Clement II reigns in Rome for 20 years, while other Pope’s rule in exile
Investiture Controversy ends in 1122 at Concordant of Worms
1215- Magna Carta, King John signs guaranteeing rights of Nobility
Norman Conquest- William of Normandy invades and conquers England in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings.

10. WHAP Chap 9 Part 2 Crusades-reconquer Holy Land (Jerusalem)
Reason for crusades- religious fervor (“God wills it!”), glory, plunder, remission of sins
In ,000 knights join crusades
First crusade successful, all others fail
Islamic general Saladin retakes Jerusalem in 1187.

11. WHAP Chap 9 Part 2
Result of Crusades- spur economic growth- survivors return with silks, porcelain, carpets, perfumes, spices, etc.