Reformation is….. the action or process of reforming an institution or practice: "the reformation of the Senate" a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.

Church Organization Pope Cardinals Archbishops Bishops Priests Monks/Nuns Congregation

What does Protestant mean?

a member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches.

The Protestant Reformation A series of events in the 1500s that led to a new form of Christianity known as Protestantism. Nearly ¼ of all Christians in the world today are Protestants. Most of the churches right here in Morehead are Protestant.

Read Pages 61 & 62- Background to the Reformation

Causes of the Reformation 1.) Renaissance attitude of secularism (worldiness) -spirit of curiosity, improvement was valued. 2.) Resentment of Church power and wealth -Political power, taxes, land ownership 3.) Church abuses (corruption) Immorality (fornication, gambling, drunkeness) Ignorance (lack of education, illiteracy) Pluralism/Absenteeism (misuse of money, neglecting spiritual duties)

Martin Luther From Germany, son of a copper miner Lightning storm entered a monastery became an ordained priest became a professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg. Struggled with anxiety over his salvation “He who through faith is righteous shall live” Began to disagree with Catholic Church teachings

Luther writes the 95 Theses What prompted him? The sale of indulgences (pardons for sins) Remission, after death, of all or part of the punishment for sin Replaced traditional act of penance (fasting, prayer, etc…) Johann Tetzel – “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs” Luther’s protests: Unfair to the poor Gave people false sense of salvation

95 Theses Oct. 31, 1517: Luther nailed the 95 Theses on the door of the Church. Wanted reform, not to break from the church. Quickly reprinted in the vernacular ; spread quickly due to the printing press. Luther’s ideas were so popular because of the environment of backlash that already existed. His popularity and followers make him a huge threat in the eyes of the Church.

Read pages Catalyst of Change

Luther’s Teachings -What Luther wanted to change: No Indulgences No Confession No Pilgrimages No Prayers to saints Simplify ritual of the mass, instead focus on sermon Clergy should be able to marry

Martin Luther Church officials asked him to recant; he refused Summoned to appear at the Diet of Worms Excommunicated and declared an outlaw Translated the New Testament into German during his year of hiding. Some of his teachings had already been put into action = Lutherans – the first Protestant church Peace of Augsburg

Read Page 64

Page 65 – John Calvin What were Calvin’s ideas? How were Calvin’s ideas put into practice?