1. Protestant Reformation Causes and Effects

2. Learning Objectives ► Identify and explain 3 key changes to economy and society in the 16 th century. ► Identify and explain 2 key changes to politics in the 16 th century. ► Identify and explain the significance of 3 key signs of spiritual disorder that create the climate for the Reformation ► Identify and explain 4 key tenets of Protestant thought and how if differs from Catholicism

3. Christendom Split

4. Crisis of the Church ► What events led to the weakening of churchly authority?  Schism  Babylonian Captivity  Wyclif and Hus

5. Hostility Toward the Church ► What events made increasingly literate and wealth people to criticize church officials?  Clerical ignorance  Clerical immorality  Clerical pluralism ► Simony – selling and buying of church offices

6. Martin Luther ► Augustinian Priest ► Entered monastery in 1505 ► Deeply troubled of his sinful nature and worried about his own salvation ► In studying St. Paul’s letter Luther discovers key to Christian life – faith in Christ’s love – God’s grace cannot be earned, but only given freely by God.

7. Luther’s Outrage ► Selling of Indulgences ► Indulgence = remission of worldly penance for sin ► Catholic teaching allowed Church to sell indulgences to forgive sinners – alive and dead.

8. Johann Tetzel ► A Catholic Priest sanctioned to sell indulgences to raise money to pay back loans that helped with the completion of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. ► “As soon as the coin in the coffer shall ring, the soul from purgatory shall spring”

9. Luther’s 95 Theses ► Luther’s 95 propositions argued against selling of indulgences ► Begins theological debate about papal authority and key ideas of Christianity

10. Luther Faces Excommunication and Death – Diet of Worms ► Luther refuses to recant his beliefs about the selling of indulgences and the abuse of papal power. ► “…I am bound by Scriptures I have cites and my conscience is captive to the word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything…

11. Luther Protected ► Why would many be willing to protect Luther after he is condemned at the Diet of Worms? ► Luther protected by John Frederick, Elector of HRE from Saxony, in present day Germany

12. More Ideas of Luther ► Changes the number and nature of key church sacraments  Catholics = transubstantiation  Protestants = consubstantiation  Priests may marry  Services in vernacular language  Divorce Legal  Monasteries abolished in Lutheran countries

13. Protestant Thought ► 4 Key Questions distinguish Protestantism and Catholicism – both are Christian  How is a person saved?  Where does religious authority reside?  What makes up the church?  What is the highest form of Christian Life?

14. Where Are We Headed? ► What were the political effects of the Reformation? ► The Social Effects? ► How did people react to these changes? Peasants?  Princes?  Why?

15. Learning Objectives ► Identify and explain 3 key changes to economy and society in the 16 th century. ► Identify and explain 2 key changes to politics in the 16 th century. ► Identify and explain the significance of 3 key signs of spiritual disorder that create the climate for the Reformation ► Identify and explain 4 key tenets of Protestant thought and how if differs from Catholicism