BELLWORK 1. Who won the Crusades? What effect did this have on religion in Europe and Asia? 2. How did the Crusades lead to the end of Feudalism? 3. Explain how the Crusades affected contact with the outside world. 4. Explain how the Crusades effected technology. 5. THINKER: During the Middle Ages, there was constant disagreements between who would rule – the monarchs or the popes? Why was this such a big problem? Do you think they could have compromised? Explain!

Effects of the Crusades

The Byzantine Empire Greek-speaking Eastern half of the former Roman Empire (Eastern Orthodox Christianity) Greek-speaking Eastern half of the former Roman Empire (Eastern Orthodox Christianity) During most of its existence, it was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. During most of its existence, it was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. The capital city, Constantinople, was a key city for trade, spread of ideas, religion, culture, art, architecture, etc. The capital city, Constantinople, was a key city for trade, spread of ideas, religion, culture, art, architecture, etc. During the Fourth Crusade, the Muslims took Constantinople and invaded the Byzantine Empire. During the Fourth Crusade, the Muslims took Constantinople and invaded the Byzantine Empire. Despite the efforts to re-establish the empire, the Turks progressively took control of Byzantine states during the 15 th century, eventually leading to its decline. Despite the efforts to re-establish the empire, the Turks progressively took control of Byzantine states during the 15 th century, eventually leading to its decline.

The Baptism of Constantine

Byzantine Church: Hagia Sophia

The Division of the Empire after the Fourth Crusade

Engineering an Empire: The Byzantines

From one war to the next…… Political power gradually shifted from feudal nobles to kings Political power gradually shifted from feudal nobles to kings Influence of the clergy and nobles diminished Influence of the clergy and nobles diminished Despite the strengthening of monarchy and central government, feudal disputes continued to spark conflict throughout Europe. Despite the strengthening of monarchy and central government, feudal disputes continued to spark conflict throughout Europe. For the rest of class, and homework tonight, you will read about the Hundred Years War and complete a History Frame. For the rest of class, and homework tonight, you will read about the Hundred Years War and complete a History Frame. A history frame is a strategy of organizing a historical event in a visual way….. Like a storyboard! A history frame is a strategy of organizing a historical event in a visual way….. Like a storyboard! Use pgs Use pgs

The Hundred Years’ War : Kings of France and England fought over control of French territory and the French throne : Kings of France and England fought over control of French territory and the French throne. England won the early battles because of their military superiority. England won the early battles because of their military superiority.

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc: using “divine guidance,” she led a French army and ended the English siege of Orleans. Joan of Arc: using “divine guidance,” she led a French army and ended the English siege of Orleans. Joan later became a prisoner of the English and was burned to her death. Joan later became a prisoner of the English and was burned to her death. Inspired by Joan’s courage, the French rallied and drove the English out. Inspired by Joan’s courage, the French rallied and drove the English out. England no longer held any French territory. England no longer held any French territory.

Effects of Hundred Years’ War National unity in both France and England National unity in both France and England Decline of Feudalism Decline of Feudalism New technology of fighting New technology of fighting Monarchs replaced feudal soldiers with actual national armies Monarchs replaced feudal soldiers with actual national armies Increased taxes to rebuild their countries Increased taxes to rebuild their countries Europe went through a period of revival Europe went through a period of revival

European Revival The Crusades & 100 Years War advanced Western Europe. Towns grew, trade expanded, and the arts thrived. People also began to question leadership. The Crusades & 100 Years War advanced Western Europe. Towns grew, trade expanded, and the arts thrived. People also began to question leadership. For this reading assignment, there are eight groups. For this reading assignment, there are eight groups. Each group is dedicated to a specific portion of society that improved after the Crusades/100 Y.W.. Each group is dedicated to a specific portion of society that improved after the Crusades/100 Y.W.. 1. Read to yourself silently 2. Discuss the most important concept with the rest of your group 3. Tell the class about it 4. The rest of the class will write down the most important fact/term/idea from your reading

European Revival 1. Agricultural Advances & Growth of Towns: pg The Middle Class: pg Trade and Money: pg Guilds: pg. 147/8 5. Universities & New Learning: pg. 148/9 6. Medieval Literature: pg Medieval Art: pg Church Reform: pg. 153

CLOSURE On a ½ sheet of paper, answer the following questions: On a ½ sheet of paper, answer the following questions: In your OWN words, summarize the Hundred Years’ War. Causes/Effects In your OWN words, summarize the Hundred Years’ War. Causes/Effects Who was Joan of Arc? What was she fighting for? What happened to her? Who was Joan of Arc? What was she fighting for? What happened to her? Explain the changes to European culture during the Middle Ages. Explain the changes to European culture during the Middle Ages. How did the church make changes to its policies? How did the church make changes to its policies? In your own opinion, why do you think people fight for religion? Explain. In your own opinion, why do you think people fight for religion? Explain.