Plant Reproduction All plants are eukaryotic, multicellular and reproduce both sexually and asexually

The very first terrestrial plant was called Cooksonia Non-vascular – Mosses – liverwort Vascular – All others

Vascular: system of conductive tissue that transports water and nutrients (dissolved minerals) Non-vascular: does not have conductive tissue

Vascular Plants Seedless Vascular Plants – Ferns, horsetail Gymnosperms – Cones – Conifers Angiosperms – Reproductive structures are within flower – Flowering pants – Monocots and Dicots

Non-Vascular Reproduction Male and female parts Haploid spores produced by meiosis Carried by water or wind Grow by mitosis (mature and develop spores) Example – mosses, liverwort

Seedless Reproduction Asexually – Tip remains in contact with soil Sexually – Male and female structures on plant – Spores developed by meiosis – Egg and sperm type fertilization (sporophite) – Mitosis (maturation, spores) Example – Horsetails

Gymnosperm Reprouction Asexual – Forced/Human interaction – Cutting Sexual – Male and female cones of tree – Male has pollen sacs and female has seeds/ovules – Male pollen sacs disintegrate, release pollen grains carried by wind – Pollination (female sticky sap to trap pollen) – Fertilization – Zygote grows by mitosis to develops as a seed – Cone drys, opens up, seeds fall out to soil – Germination and growth by mitosis Example – trees (evergreens)

Angiosperm Reproduction Asexual – Forced – Cutting Sexual – Male and female parts of flower – Microspores undergo meiosis in the anther, stigma and ovary also enlarge – Anther then splits open and releases microspores/pollen – Dispersal/wind transportation – Pollen attaches to stigma (sticky), makes it’s way down style to ovary – Fertilization – Growth by mitosis – Tissue/fruit to provide nutrients until photosynthesis can take place – Mature fruit falls off (carried by animals) – Soil/germination/growth Example – flowering plants (monocots and dicots)

Monocots and Dicots Monocots – Single seed leaf (cotyledon) – Veins parallel – Floral parts in 3’s or multiples of 3 – Roots are fibrous – Ex: corn or cattail Dicots – Two seed leaves (cotyledon) – Veins net-like – Floral parts in 4’s or 5’s or multiples of 4 or 5 – Ex: beans

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