1. Plant Classification & Reproduction

2. Plants can be classified into 2 main groups:
Non-seed plants
mosses = no vascular systems
ferns = vascular systems but no seeds
Seed plants
Gymnosperms = complex vascular system + bare seed (cone)
Angiosperm = complex vascular system + enclosed seed within a flower

3. Reproduction terminology Alternation of Generation Any life cycle that involves sexual and asexual reproduction
The life cycle of all plants have 2 phases:
Asexual reproduction  new plant produced from one parent plant only (genetically identical to parent)
Sporophyte  form of plant that reproduces asexually
Sexual reproduction  new plant produced by union of a male and female sex cell (NOT genetically identical)
Gametophyte  form of plant that reproduces sexually
(egg + sperm –--fertilization---- zygote  embryo  new sporophyte)

4. Non-seed plant
Fern  have large leafy fronds, rhizomes (underground stems) and generally prefer warm moist climates. Needs water for reproduction.
Life Cycle
Sporophyte – large and photosynthetic
Produces spores asexually
Gametophyte – separate small plant (1cm diameter) from the sporophyte
produces zygote sexually

5. Seed plants
Gymnosperms  woody trees or shrubs (conifers) that produce seeds that are NOT in an enclosed structure. Wind needed for pollination.
Life Cycle
Sporophyte = large trees that produce cones
Produces pollen and eggs
Gametophyte = microscopic plant found on
specialized structure on the sporophyte
Produces seeds

6. Angiosperms  flowering plants that lack woody tissue
Angiosperms  flowering plants that lack woody tissue. Can be pollinated by insects and wind.
Life Cycle
Sporophyte = flowering plant
produces pollen and eggs
Gametophyte = pollen and egg found in the flowers
produces seeds

7. … these are the parts of the flower
Male reproductive part = stamen which are made up of…
filament - stalk
anther – produces pollen grains
Female reproductive part = Pistil which is made up of…
style – stalk
stigma – sticky surface at tip of style
ovary – organ that contain the egg
style

8. Fern Vs. Angiosperm Comparison of their life Cycles
page 279 figure 8
and
page 283 figure 6

9. Fern Angiosperm Spore produced on fern frond
Flowers on the sporophyte produce pollen
Spores released and develop into a small gametophyte
Pollen is carried to other flower
Gametophyte produces egg and sperm
Egg and sperm unit and create a zygote
Pollen grain grows down style to reach the ovary. Sperm in the pollen
grain then fertilizes the egg Zygote develops and seed is formed.
Zygote develops into mature sporophyte (fern)
The seed is released and develops into a new sporophyte