Introduction to Animals

Characteristics of Animals All multicellular Eukaryotes Digest internally Store food reserves in the liver as GLYCOGEN

Support Systems Endoskeleton v. Exoskeleton Vertebrate v. Invertebrate

Insects Feeding/Digestion – feed on plants Circulation/Respiration/ Excretion – tracheae Reproduction

Annelid Worms Structure/Movement - segmentation Feeding/Digestion Circulation – closed circulatory system Respiration/Excretion – no specialized respiratory organs Reproduction - hermaphrodites

Amphibians Respiration/Protection – skin Regulation – live in wet environments Excretion – kidney main organ Reproduction – metamorphosis

Mammals Endothermic - metabolism Circulatory System - heart Respiration – lungs and diaphragm Feeding/Digestion – chewing Reproduction - sexual

Animal Behavior

Behavior “is a way that organisms respond to a stimulus” Two Types a. Learned b. Innate

Learned Behavior Learning how to respond to a stimuli, usually by observation or trial and error A. Imprinting – behavior learned at a extremely young age B. Habituation – animal learns to ignore what should be a dangerous stimulus C. Conditioning – learned response to previously neutral stimulus (Pavlov)

Imprinting

Habituation

Innate Behavior Born with it A. instincts B. caused by genetics

Other behaviors Phermones a. chemical released by an affect b. affects behavior of another animal of same species Taxis a. innate behavioral response to a stimulus ex) phototaxis *moth flies towards the light (+) *roach moves away from light (-)

Biological Rhythms “innate behavior which occurs in cycles” Circadian Rhythms – occurs in 24hr cycles A. nocturnal B. dinural C. biological clock

Hibernation – period of reduced metabolism that allows animals to survive bad conditions (cold months) A. estivation – really deep sleep (warm months)

Annual Rhythms – yearly cycle A. Plant Cycles 1. annual plants 2. biennial plants 3. perrineal plants

Migrating Rhythms – entire population moves

Tidal Rhythms – associated with tides a. occurs in 12 hr cycles b. most lunged animals move at high tide