1. Section 2 Invertebrates & Vertebrates
Chapter 32
Section 2
Invertebrates & Vertebrates

2. Invertebrate Characteristics
Adult invertebrates show tremendous amount of morphological diversity

3. Symmetry Radial- jellyfish
Bilateral- motile lifestyle- California sea hare

4. Segmentation Segmentation- body composed of repeating similar units
Examples: earthworm & crayfish

5. Support of the body Sponges = soft tissue
Round worms = fluid-filled cavities
Exoskeleton- rigid outer covering that protects the soft tissues of many animals, especially arthropods

6. Respiratory System Animals give off CO2 by a means of gas exchange
Gills- organs that consist of blood vessels surrounded by a membrane and are specialized for gas exchange in water

7. Circulatory System Moves blood to transport O2 & nutrients to cells
CO2 & waste is moved away from cells
Sponges & cnidarians have no circulatory system

8. Circulatory System
Arthropods have an open-circulatory system- circulatory fluid is pumped by the heart through vessels and into the body cavity & returned to the vessels

9. Circulatory System
Annelids & mollusks have a closed circulatory system- blood is pumped by a heart and circulates through the body in vessels that form a closed loop

10. Reproduction Sexual & asexual reproduction Earthworm
Hermaphrodite- organism that produces both male and female gametes, allowing an individual to function as both male & female

11. Development
Indirect development- immature form of organism that is morphologically different from adult stage- Larva
Direct development- young animal is born or hatched with the same appearance as adult- no larva stage

15. Vertebrate Characteristics
Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds & mammals

16. Segmentation & body support
Vertebrate- repeating bony units of the backbone
Terrestrial vertebrates evolved from aquatic vertebrates
Endoskeleton- internal skeleton made of bone and cartilage

17. Body Coverings Integument- outer covering of an animal
What different types of integuments do you know of? HINT: think of different animals & environments

19. Respiratory
Lungs- organs for gas exchange composed of moist, membranous surfaces deep inside the animal’s body

20. Circulatory
Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with a multi-chambered heart
Multi-chambered heart separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

21. Digestive
Digestion occurs in the gut, which runs from the mouth to the anus

22. Excretory
Kidneys- filter wastes from the blood while regulating water levels in the body

23. Reproduction
Fish & amphibians- eggs & sperm are released directly into water
Reptiles, birds & mammals- egg & sperm unite in body

24. REVIEW!!! Identify the function for body coverings.
Compare the structure of endoskeletons & exoskeletons.
How might the segmentation of arthropods help them survive?