Southern Colonies Chapter 3, Lesson 4 EQ: How does geography influence the way people live?

Define Vocabulary: Chapter 3, Lesson 4 (pg. 79) indentured servants constitution debtor indigo estate

4 Indentured Servants Indentured servant – a laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America. Worked for no pay in exchange for passage to America They signed a contract with their master, but were freed once the contract was fulfilled

Slaves Were Africans, or were descendants of Africans Worked for no pay after being brought to America against their will Had little or no chance of gaining their freedom

Activity: Compare and Contrast Not all people who came to work in the colonies did so by choice. African rulers sold prisoners of war to European slave traders who, in turn, sent them to America. Many others came as indentured servants. Slaves Indentured Servants

Richard Frethorne’s Letter to his Parents Indentured Servants Contract Advertisement for Indentured Servants

Southern Colonies 1.Maryland 2.North Carolina 3.South Carolina 4.Georgia 5.Virginia

s.colonies Characteristics of Southern Colonies 1.Indentured servants 2.Slaves to work the large plantations 3.Had fertile soil 4.Grew rice, tobacco and cotton

Maryland (1634) The colony given to Lord Baltimore, but he died and his son Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore the Second. It was meant to be a “safe place” for Catholics who were persecuted in England. Cecilius gives large estates— large area of land owned by one person— to rich English nobles. Calvert declared Maryland a haven of religious tolerance for all Christians—soon Protestants moved in.

Catholics vs. Protestants vs. Protestants Protestants outnumbered Catholics—to protect the Catholics they passed the Acts of Toleration (1649) However, these acts will be unsuccessful. The king takes over Maryland and declares it a “royal” colony. Maryland becomes a Protestant colony and Catholics are persecute d.

The Carolinas Charles II granted a huge tract of land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to 8 nobles in This land became North and South Carolina.

The Carolinas ultimately split in two: Rice and Indigo - Rice—required much labor, thus the demand for slavery increase. -Indigo—a blue plant used to make dye to color cloth was grown in the Carolinas. Both Carolinas had fertile land

North Carolina (1663) Settlers from Virginia moved in to North Carolina. They grew tobacco and sold timber. Established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms Had fewer large plantations and less reliance on slavery

South Carolina (1663) Had a great harbor and farmers used their ports. Charlestown was the largest harbor. Had larger plantations—especially large rice plantations.

Georgia (1732) James Oglethorpe wanted debtors, or those who had debt, to have a new start in life instead of going to prison. He and 20 other trustees received a charter to settle Georgia. British hoped that Georgia would block any Spanish attack from Florida. Georgia’s population included former debtors, but mainly many poor people from Britain. By 1770 nearly half of the population was made of enslaved Africans.

Virginia Jamestown Joint Stock Company Virginia Company Captain John Smith John Rolfe Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish colonists Representative Govt House of Burgesses Royal Colony Maryland--1634Lord Baltimore Religious toleration— those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland Representative govt Proprietary Colony North/South Carolina In English nobles Setup a new colony based upon social classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts Representative govt Royal Colony Georgia—1732James Oglethorpe Provide a place for debtors could start a new life---Acted as a buffer against Spanish Florida Royal Colony Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner

The First Arrival of Slaves 1619 in Jamestown English used them as workers on tobacco plantations By 1660, slavery as we know it was established in Virginia

Shortage of labor in the Americas led to the signing of Atlantic Slave trade Europeans needed workers on sugar, tobacco plantations. Most slaves came from West Africa Origins of the Slave Trade

Triangular Trade First leg of triangle— ships carrying European goods to Africa to be exchanged for slaves Second leg (Middle Passage)— brought Africans to Americas to be sold. Third Leg—carried American products to Europe Captured Africans became part of network of trade called the triangular trade. discovery-middle-passage.htm

Meanwhile in Virginia— Moving West Virginia settlers (freed indentured servants) moved West—onto Native American lands. Governor Berkley of Virginia promises the Native Americans that he will stop settlers from moving West. He wanted to prevent a war between the colonists and Native Americans.

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Was an armed rebellion by Virginia settlers led by Nathanial Bacon against the rule of Governor Berkley. Nathanial Bacon was a planter living in western Virginia—he refuses to follow the Governor Berkeley’s orders to stay out of Native American lands. He and many colonists rebelled against the Virginia Government and burn down the capital.

Nathanial Bacon and Slavery Bacon’s rebellion makes the government of Virginia look for other sources of labor—indentured servants cause too much trouble. They decide to bring in slaves—after all this form of “laborers” you never have to free. African slavery increases! More Africans are brought to America.