1. Southern Colonies Chapter 3, Lesson 4
EQ: How did geography, religion, and government affect how people in the English colonies lived?

2. Define Vocabulary: Chapter 3, Lesson 4 (pg. 79)
indentured servants
constitution
debtor
indigo
estate

3. Compare and Contrast: Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies
Turn to page 77—and look at the Map of the Middle Colonies.
Then turn to page 73—and look at the Map of the New England Colonies.
What similarities and differences do you see?
Draw a Venn Diagram and show the differences and similarities.
Write 4-5 sentence paragraph.

5. Indentured Servants
Indentured servant – a laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America.
Worked for no pay in exchange for passage to America
They signed a contract with their master, but were freed once the contract was fulfilled 5

6. Richard Frethorne’s Letter to his Parents
Indentured Servants Contract
Advertisement for Indentured Servants

7. Slaves Were Africans, or were descendants of Africans
Worked for no pay after being brought to America against their will
Had little or no chance of gaining their freedom
Slaves

8. The First Arrival of Slaves
1619 in Jamestown
English used them as workers on tobacco plantations
By 1660, slavery as we know it was established in Virginia

9. Origins of the Slave Trade
Shortage of labor in the Americas led to the Atlantic Slave trade
Europeans needed workers on sugar, tobacco plantations.
Most slaves came from West Africa

10. Triangular Trade
Captured Africans became part of network of trade called the triangular trade.
First Leg—carried American raw products to Europe
Second leg of triangle— ships carrying European goods to Africa to be exchanged for slaves
Third leg (Middle Passage)— brought Africans to Americas to be sold.

11. Activity: Compare and Contrast
Not all people who came to work in the colonies did so by choice. African rulers sold prisoners of war to European slave traders who, in turn, sent them to America. Many others came as indentured servants.
Slaves Indentured Servants

12. Southern Colonies Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
Virginia

13. Characteristics of Southern Colonies
s.colonies
Characteristics of Southern Colonies
Indentured servants
Slaves to work the large plantations
Had fertile soil
Grew rice, tobacco and cotton

14. Maryland (1634)
Colony given to Lord Baltimore, but his son Lord Baltimore the Second takes over.
A“safe place” for Catholics who were persecuted in England.
Lord Baltimore 2nd gives large estates—large area of land— to rich English nobles.
He declares Maryland a haven of religious tolerance for all Christians—soon Protestants moved in.
The founding of Maryland:
The founding of the Church of England as the nation’s official church made life difficult for Roman Catholics living there.
Some English Catholics were influential.
George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, converted to Catholicism, and it ended his career. He wanted land in America, as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth.
Calvert founded a settlement in Canada, but it was too cold for him.
He tried to move to Jamestown, but was banned because of his religion.
He asked King Charles for land around Chesapeake Bay.
Calvert died before the land was granted, but his son received the rights and founded Maryland.
Because of clashes between Catholics and Protestants, the Toleration Act was passed to protect the right of all Christians to practice their religion in Maryland.
Photo: Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore. Cecil Calvert ( ) was George Calvert's son and heir. In 1632, Cecil became the second Baron of Baltimore and the first Lord of Proprietary of both Avalon and Maryland. From Justin Winsor, ed., Narrative and Critical History of America: English Explorations and Settlements in North America , Vol. III (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1884) 546.

15. Catholics vs. Protestants vs. Protestants
Protestants outnumbered Catholics—to protect the Catholics Acts of Toleration (1649)
These acts will be unsuccessful.
King takes over Maryland—a “royal” colony.
Maryland becomes a Protestant colony and Catholics are persecuted.

16. The Carolinas
Charles II gave a huge tract of land to south of Virginia 8 nobles in 1663.
This land became North and South Carolina.

17. The Carolinas Split in Two
Both Carolinas had fertile land
Rice and Indigo
- Rice—required much labor, thus the demand for slavery increase.
-Indigo—a blue plant used to make dye to color cloth was grown in the Carolinas.
Was co-owned by eight men
Gave themselves large estates
Some people had to pay to bring in boatloads of settlers.
Southern Carolina
Had a port in Charles Town
Had prosperous estates of aristocrats
Plantation owners from West Indies moved there with their enslaved Africans.
Northern Carolina settlers were small farmers without slaves.
They did not have a good harbor.
Although slavery had existed in Virginia since 1619, the settlers from Barbados were the first Englishmen in the New World who had seen widespread slavery at work.

18. North Carolina (1663) Settlers from Virginia moved in to NC.
Grew tobacco and sold timber.
Established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms
Had fewer large plantations and less reliance on slavery

19. South Carolina (1663) Had a great harbor and farmers used their ports.
Charlestown was the largest harbor.
Had larger plantations—especially large rice plantations.

20. Georgia (1732)
James Oglethorpe wanted debtors, or those who had debt, to have a new start in life instead of going to prison.
He and 20 other trustees received a charter to settle Georgia.
British hoped that Georgia would block any Spanish attack from Florida.
Georgia’s population included former debtors, but mainly many poor people from Britain.
By 1770 nearly half of the population was made of enslaved Africans.
Ogelthorpe was a humanitarian and member of English Parliament
The trustees governed but did not own land or expect a profit.
In 1733 he founded city of Savannah, Georgia, with a boatload of colonists.

21. CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES
Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner
Virginia
Jamestown
Joint Stock Company
Virginia Company
Captain John Smith
John Rolfe
Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish colonists
Representative Govt
House of Burgesses
Royal Colony
Maryland--1634
Lord Baltimore
Religious toleration—those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland
Representative govt
Proprietary Colony
North/South Carolina
In 1663
8 English nobles
Setup a new colony based upon social classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts
Georgia—1732
James Oglethorpe
Provide a place for debtors could start a new life---Acted as a buffer against Spanish Florida

22. Meanwhile in Virginia—Moving West
Virginia settlers (freed indentured servants) moved West—onto Native American lands.
Governor Berkley of Virginia promises the Native Americans that he will stop settlers from moving West.
He wanted to prevent a war between the colonists and Native Americans.

23. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Was an armed rebellion by Virginia  settlers led by Nathanial Bacon against the rule of Governor Berkley.
Nathanial Bacon was a planter living in western Virginia—he refuses to follow the Governor Berkeley’s orders to stay out of Native American lands.
He and many colonists rebelled against the Virginia Government and burn down the capital.

24. Nathanial Bacon and Slavery
Bacon’s rebellion makes the government of Virginia look for other sources of labor—indentured servants cause too much trouble.
They decide to bring in slaves—after all this form of “laborers” you never have to free.
African slavery increases! More Africans are brought to America.