Dawn of the Industrial Revolution History of the Modern World Dawn of the Industrial Revolution Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111 The Crystal Palace of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, 1851 in Hyde Park

Book Club: Term 2 North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell Formats possible: Read Novel: (e.g. Oxford World’s Classics ISBN-13: 978-0199537006) View DVD (2004/5, ISBN 1-4198-2100-8): showings after school or you may purchase a copy (e.g. $24.99 on Amazon) to view on your own Book Club Discussion Meetings: Weeks 2-3 of November

Orientation to Chapter 19: The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age, pp. 608-611 Section 2: Britain Leads the Way, pp. 612-615 Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution, pp. 616-621 Objectives for this week: You can… Analyze why life changed as industry spread. Summarize how an agricultural revolution led to the growth of industry. Outline the new technologies that helped trigger the Industrial Revolution. Understand why Britain was the starting point. Describe the changes that transformed the textile industry. Explain the significance of the transportation revolution. Explain what life was like in the new industrial cities. Compare and Contrast the industrial working class and the new middle class. Understand how the factory system and mines changed the way people worked. Analyze the benefits and challenges of industrialization.

Chapter 19: The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age, pp. 608-611 Witness History Audio: A Different Kind of Revolution Life Changes as Industry Spreads In the mid-1700s, the production of food and goods began to be made easier by complex machines. This process of industrialization was slow at first, but eventually led to the growth of cities and the end of a rural way of life. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. Consider Paul Johnson’s statement about “matchless opportunity.” What kinds of changes, both positive and negative, would you imagine could come as a result of such changes? What kinds of opportunities? Agriculture Spurs Industry The Industrial Revolution began with improvements in farming. Rich landowners began to enclose large farms, and farm laborers were pushed out of work. Populations in Europe soared because of the food surplus and improved sanitation and medical care. Note Taking Transparency 127 1 of 5

Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age Witness History Audio: From Hand Power to Steam Power New Technology Becomes Key In the 1700s, new sources of energy were developed. Coal powered the steam engine, which, in turn, powered everything from trains to ships. The intense heat of coal also allowed for improved iron production, which further benefited the new railroad industry. Color Transparency 116: Steam-Powered Inventions Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What effect did Boulton think steam power would have on the world” (It would benefit people by relieving them of hard manual labor.) When showing Color Transparency 116, ask students to list what kind of changes each invention led to. QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency 2 of 5

Note Taking Transparency 127 3 of 5

Color Transparency 116: Steam-Powered Inventions 4 of 5

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The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 2: Britain Leads the Way, pp 612-615 Why Britain? Britain was able to quickly industrialize because of several factors: coal and river transportation routes were plentiful; there was a large pool of skilled mechanics; there were enough people who had grown rich from trade to finance new industries; there was a stable government that supported economic growth. Geography Interactive: Resources and Industries in England, 1750 When showing Color Transparency 115, ask “Which invention most affected imports?” (cotton gin) “Which inventions most affected exports?” (flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, factory) “How did more British imports affect slavery in America? (To grow more cotton to export, planters needed more slaves.) When showing Color Transparency 113, ask students to describe what was shipped on the canals and what replaced the canals. When showing Color Transparency 114, ask students why the route from Liverpool to Manchester was so vital. Note Taking Transparency 128 1 of 8 9

Section 2: Britain Leads the Way The Textile Industry Advances The Industrial Revolution made its first big impact on the textile industry. Machines were invented that cleaned cotton, spun thread, and wove cloth. Home-based workers were quickly replaced by fewer factory workers. Color Transparency 115: British Cotton Imports and Exports About 1840 Color Transparency 113: Canals in Britain 1800 Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “Why did the ride seem so strange to Fanny Kemble?” (There was no animal pulling them along—just a machine.) When showing Color Transparency 115, ask “Which invention most affected imports?” (cotton gin) “Which inventions most affected exports?” (flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, factory) “How did more British imports affect slavery in America? (To grow more cotton to export, planters needed more slaves.) When showing Color Transparency 113, ask students to describe what was shipped on the canals and what replaced the canals. When showing Color Transparency 114, ask students why the route from Liverpool to Manchester was so vital. Color Transparency 114: The Growth of Railways in Great Britain, 1840 and 1850 2 of 8 10

Section 2: Britain Leads the Way The Transportation Revolution With increased production came the demand for better transportation. Turnpikes were built and canals were dug. Railroad tracks crisscrossed Europe and North America. Witness History Audio: Sounds of the Rails Witness History Audio: Riding the Railway After listening to the Witness History audio, Riding the Railway, ask, “Why did the ride seem so strange to Fanny Kemble?” (There was no animal pulling them along—just a machine.) QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency LS Lowry’s painting, The Canal 3 of 8 11

Note Taking Transparency 128 4 of 8 12

Color Transparency 115: British Cotton Imports and Exports About 1840 5 of 8 13

Color Transparency 113: Canals in Britain 1800 6 of 8 14

Color Transparency 114: The Growth of Railways in Great Britain, 1840 and 1850 15

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The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution, pp.616-621 Witness History Audio: Stench and Sickness People Move to New Industrial Cities The Industrial Revolution caused rapid urbanization in Europe and North America. In the cities people coped with noise and air pollution and nasty smells. Color Transparency 118: In the Black Country, by Constantin Meunier Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How did conditions become so bad in industrial cities?” (The move from the country to cities was rapid. Cities were not prepared to cope with the influx.) “Why was little done to improve conditions initially?” (Sample: Working people were poor and powerless to improve their lot.) When showing Color Transparency 118, ask “What aspects of industrialization can you see in this image?” (crowded city, smokestacks, pollution) “What do you suppose you would hear and smell in this city? (Answers will vary.) When showing Color Transparency 117, use the lesson suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. Note Taking Transparency 129 1 of 8

Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution New Social Classes Emerge The Industrial Revolution created two new classes of people: a middle class of entrepreneurs whose lifestyles were fairly comfortable and an industrial working class, who packed into tenements without running water or sanitation systems. Some British workers staged riots in the early 1800s in protest of poor pay or working conditions. Methodism became a solace to many of the workers. Color Transparency 117: Tremendous Sacrifice Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How did conditions become so bad in industrial cities?” (The move from the country to cities was rapid. Cities were not prepared to cope with the influx.) “Why was little done to improve conditions initially?” (Sample: Working people were poor and powerless to improve their lot.) When showing Color Transparency 118, ask “What aspects of industrialization can you see in this image?” (crowded city, smokestacks, pollution) “What do you suppose you would hear and smell in this city? (Answers will vary.) When showing Color Transparency 117, use the lesson suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. Life in the Factories and Mines Days were long in the factories and mines and days off were few. Accidents maimed people; dust in the mines made people sick. Women workers had no rest between factory and home work. Children also worked to keep food on the table. 2 of 8

The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution The Results of Industrialization In time, the Industrial Revolution also benefited many working-class people. When wages rose, many could afford entertainment and travel in addition to food and shelter. Witness History Video: In Old New York QuickTake Section Quiz Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How did conditions become so bad in industrial cities?” (The move from the country to cities was rapid. Cities were not prepared to cope with the influx.) “Why was little done to improve conditions initially?” (Sample: Working people were poor and powerless to improve their lot.) When showing Color Transparency 118, ask “What aspects of industrialization can you see in this image?” (crowded city, smokestacks, pollution) “What do you suppose you would hear and smell in this city? (Answers will vary.) When showing Color Transparency 117, use the lesson suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. Progress Monitoring Transparency 3 of 8

Color Transparency 118: In the Black Country, by Constantin Meunier 4 of 8

Note Taking Transparency 129 5 of 8

Color Transparency 117: Tremendous Sacrifice 6 of 8

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If interested, sign up for Book Club Assignment 1 Read pp. 608-611 Identify 4 bold-blue terms In a two column chart, summarize life in 1750 and in 1850 Complete reading and study of material on slides 3-7 If interested, sign up for Book Club

If interested, sign up for Book Club Assignment 2 Read pp. 612-115 Identify 8 bold-blue terms Answer 3 Checkpoint questions If interested, sign up for Book Club

If interested, sign up for Book Club Assignment 3 Read pp. 612-115 Answer questions: caption, pp. 614 and Map Skills, pp 613. Complete reading and study of material on slides 9-16 If interested, sign up for Book Club

If interested, sign up for Book Club Assignment 4 Read pp. 616-620 Identify 3 bold-blue terms Answer 4 Checkpoint questions If interested, sign up for Book Club Chapter 19 Test: Friday, 10/30

If interested, sign up for Book Club Assignment 5 Read pp. 621 and answer Thinking Critically questions. Answer 2 caption questions, pp. 617,619 Complete reading and study of material on slides 17-23 If interested, sign up for Book Club Chapter 19 Test: Friday, 10/30