1. Industrial Revolution (I.R.)
Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Chapter 5, Section 3

2. Please watch these 2 videos about the living and working conditions in the Industrial Revolution

3. Introduction I.R made factory owners rich
Poverty and harsh working/living conditions
Dangerous factory working conditions
Unsafe and unsanitary housing
Overcrowded cities
Un-

4. Urbanization Rapid movement to cities
Changes in farming, population growth and demand for workers fueled urbanization
Small town grew into large factory cities

5. Population of Manchester
17,000 people in 1750s
40,000 people by 1780
70,000 people by 1801
Polluted air
Noisy steam engines
Filthy stench of river

6. New Social Classes Emerge
New middle class
Middle class owned/operated factories, mines, railroads
Much better lifestyle than working class
Former farmers became mine or factory workers
Harsh working environment and terrible working conditions

7. Industrial Middle Class
IR created new middle class from diverse backgrounds
Middle class included merchants, skilled artisans, and inventors
Middle class lived comfortably (large homes, paved streets, supply of water)

8. Industrial Middle Class
Middle class ate well and wore fancy clothing
Middle class prided their hard work
Women of middle class stayed at home to raise children

9. Industrial Working Class
Lived in slums
Crowded housing
No running water
No sewage or sanitation
Rotted, stinky, garbage thrown into streets
Sewage dumped into rivers
Drinking water contaminated
Spread of disease

10. Polluted Rivers
During the Industrial Revolution, your drinking water came from the same polluted rivers. People also bathed in the contaminated water.

11. Filthy Cities
There were no environmental laws that banned the belching smokestacks.

12. Unsuccessful Worker Protests
Labor unions illegal
Secret unions sought to increase pay and improve working conditions
Workers had no political power to make changes
Inaction led to violence
Textile workers named Luddites rioted and smashed textile machines and burned factories

13. Life in Factories and Mines
Harsh working conditions
Long hours (12-16 hours)
Infrequent breaks
Tired workers suffered accidents
Machines lacked safety devices
Machines sucked in and cut off limbs
Lack of clean air in factories

14. Life in Factories and Mines
Most workers were women
Men were easier to manage
Women adapted easier to machines
Women paid half of what men earned
Women worked many hours outside the home
After work, women cared for their children and families

15. Miners Worse conditions in mines Miners worked in darkness
Inhaled coal dust
Super hot in the mines
Exposed to explosions, flooding, and collapsing tunnels
Women and children carried loads of coals to the surface

16. Dangerous Jobs for Children
Factories hired young children (as young as 5-7 yrs.)
Children operated unsafe machinery
Children worked all day in dark, poorly ventilated mines
Wages of child labor kept families from starving

17. Children Reform Laws Reform laws called Factory Acts were passed
Limited child’s workday to 12 hours
Children under 8 or 9 removed from cotton mills
Laws not always enforced
Other laws shortened workday for women
Other laws required child workers to be educated

18. Results of Industrialization
Reform laws improved working conditions
Labor unions won right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, and working conditions (positive)
Working class men earned right to vote
Demand for goods caused opening of new factories which created jobs (positive)
Wages rose (positive)
People had money left over for entertainment (positive)
Travel costs fell (positive)

19. Powerpoint Questions
1. How many people moved to Manchester between 1780 and 1801?
2. Identify the three groups that formed the middle class. (3 points)
3. If you were part of the industrial working class, what was thrown into the streets?
4. What was dumped into the rivers?
5. The working conditions in factories was ________.
6. How much more did men earn over women?

20. Powerpoint Questions (18 points)
7. How did the Factory Acts change 1) the working hours and 2) the age of workers? (2 points)
8. What did labor unions win? (3 points)
9. Why did factory workers lose their limbs in the machines?
10. What were miners exposed to while working in the mines? (3 points)

21. The End