1. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Preview
Main Idea / Reading Focus
Production before Factories
Factories and Factory Towns
The Factory System and Workers
Quick Facts: Effects of the Factory System
Factories and Mass Production

2. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Main Idea
The transition from cottage industries changed how people worked in factories, what life was like in factory towns, labor conditions, and, eventually, processes within factories.
Reading Focus
How was production organized before factories?
What were factories and factory towns like?
How did the factory system affect workers?
What was mass production, and what were its effects?

3. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Witness History Audio: Stench and Sickness
People Move to New Industrial Cities
The Industrial Revolution caused rapid urbanization in Europe and North America. In the cities people coped with noise and air pollution and nasty smells.
Color Transparency 118: In the Black Country, by Constantin Meunier
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How did conditions become so bad in industrial cities?” (The move from the country to cities was rapid. Cities were not prepared to cope with the influx.) “Why was little done to improve conditions initially?” (Sample: Working people were poor and powerless to improve their lot.)
When showing Color Transparency 118, ask “What aspects of industrialization can you see in this image?” (crowded city, smokestacks, pollution) “What do you suppose you would hear and smell in this city? (Answers will vary.)
When showing Color Transparency 117, use the lesson suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion.
Note Taking Transparency 129
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4. People Move to New Industrial Cities
Urbanization: the movement of people to cities
Changes in farming, soaring population and an increase in demand for workers led people to move from farms to the cities
Small towns near natural resources and cities near factories boomed instantaneity
Urbanization
Very little infrastructure
Little or no regulation of factories
Polluted air, noise of steam engines, rivers full of waste
The growth of industry and rapid population growth dramatically changed the location and distribution of 2 resources:
-labor & people
Living Conditions

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7. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
New Social Classes Emerge
The Industrial Revolution created two new classes of people: a middle class of entrepreneurs whose lifestyles were fairly comfortable and an industrial working class, who packed into tenements without running water or sanitation systems. Some British workers staged riots in the early 1800s in protest of poor pay or working conditions. Methodism became a solace to many of the workers.
Color Transparency 117: Tremendous Sacrifice
Life in the Factories and Mines
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How did conditions become so bad in industrial cities?” (The move from the country to cities was rapid. Cities were not prepared to cope with the influx.) “Why was little done to improve conditions initially?” (Sample: Working people were poor and powerless to improve their lot.)
When showing Color Transparency 118, ask “What aspects of industrialization can you see in this image?” (crowded city, smokestacks, pollution) “What do you suppose you would hear and smell in this city? (Answers will vary.)
When showing Color Transparency 117, use the lesson suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion.
Days were long in the factories and mines and days off were few. Accidents maimed people; dust in the mines made people sick. Women workers had no rest between factory and home work. Children also worked to keep food on the table.
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8. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 3
Color Transparency 117: Tremendous Sacrifice
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9. The Factory System and Workers
New Class of Workers
Growth of middle class
Managers, accountants, engineers, mechanics, salesmen
Economy increased
The Industrial Working Class
The poor struggled to survive in slums
Packed into tiny rooms in tenements
Disease spread easily
Changing Labor Conditions
No government regulation
Labor unions organized but were illegal & held very little political power
Strikes & Riots brought change: Luddites
Workers in a New Economy
Wealthy to invest in, own factories
Mid-level to run factories
Low-level to run machines
Factory workers faced harsh conditions
Miners faced worse conditions
Children had dangerous jobs

10. The Leaden-Eyed
by Vachel Lindsay
Let not young souls be smothered out before They do quaint deeds and fully flaunt their pride. It is the world’s one crime its babes grow dull, Its poor are oxlike, limp and leaden-eyed. Not that they starve, but starve so dreamlessly; Not that they sow, but that they seldom reap; Not that they serve, but have no gods to serve; Not that they die, but that they die like sheep.

11. Factories and Factory Towns
Where employees worked
Major change from cottage industry
Had to leave home to work
Hardships for some workers
Working in a factory
Dangerous work for all
Long workdays
Poor factory conditions common
Life in factory towns
Towns grew up around factories
Towns, factories rose near coal mines
Sanitation poor in many factory towns

12. Identify Supporting Details
What are some facts that illustrate the difficulties of factory work?
Answer(s): injuries, long workdays, noise, lack of ventilation, poor sanitation, inadequate food

13. The Industrial Revolution Begins
Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
The Results of Industrialization
In time, the Industrial Revolution also benefited many working-class people. When wages rose, many could afford entertainment and travel in addition to food and shelter.
Witness History Video: In Old New York
Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals.
After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How did conditions become so bad in industrial cities?” (The move from the country to cities was rapid. Cities were not prepared to cope with the influx.) “Why was little done to improve conditions initially?” (Sample: Working people were poor and powerless to improve their lot.)
When showing Color Transparency 118, ask “What aspects of industrialization can you see in this image?” (crowded city, smokestacks, pollution) “What do you suppose you would hear and smell in this city? (Answers will vary.)
When showing Color Transparency 117, use the lesson suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion.
QuickTake Section Quiz
Progress Monitoring Transparency
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14. Identify Cause and Effect
How did the factory system affect different groups?
Answer(s): Different groups that were part of the factory system became part of the middle class.

15. Factories and Mass Production
The factory system changed the world of work. In addition, new processes further changed how people worked in factories.
Mass production began in U.S.
Elements:
Interchangeable parts
Assembly line
Production and repair more efficient
Production more swift
Mass Production
Dramatic increase in production
Businesses charged less
Affordable goods
More repetitious jobs
Soon became norm
Effects

17. What was mass production?
Summarize
What was mass production?
Answer(s): a system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items

18. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 3
Note Taking Transparency 129
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19. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 3
Progress Monitoring Transparency
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