Do Now 1.Take out your homework for me to check (Foner Ch. 3) 2.Form a group of three (move chairs if needed) 3.With your group, quiz each other on key terms from this week: Pueblo Revolt King Philip’s War Plantation slavery Bacon’s Rebellion Glorious Revolution Dominion of New England Scotch-Irish immigrants Backcountry “Cousinocracy”

What kinds of people would sign up to go to America in 1607?

First English settlers were: Adventurers – people willing to take risks in order to get rich quick (Jamestown) Fleeing persecution – Puritans, Quakers, etc. Out of other options – poor people in England who signed up to be indentured servants

Changes – predict their effects on immigration (who? where?): Tobacco becomes increasingly popular in Europe Chesapeake colonies use the headright system – fixed area of land per immigrant 1690: Toleration Act in England allows religious freedom for all Protestants 1700s: Religious persecution and economic depression in Germany

Immigration to English North America after 1700 Germans ◦Many religious minorities – Lutherans, Catholics, Mennonites ◦Many looking for better farmland ◦End up in backcountry – mostly middle and southern colonies ◦Many create ethnic enclaves – areas of almost all Germans

Immigration to English North America after 1700 Scots-Irish ◦Mostly Presbyterians ◦Many farmers; some skilled professionals and artisans ◦Mostly end up in the Southern backcountry ◦Many were anti-British and opposed government interference

Immigration to English North America after 1700 English convicts ◦Mostly ended up in Virginia ◦Mostly worked unskilled jobs – what would that be?

Indentured Servitude to Slavery

Downsides of indentured servitude Indentured servants have to sign up – what kinds of labor won’t they want to do? ◦Sugar cultivation – it’s really hard ◦Result: earliest importation of African slaves is in West Indies Indentured servants aren’t servants forever ◦Why would this matter more as life in America gets easier? Indentured servants can rebel

Bacon’s Rebellion – Virginia The back story: ◦Corrupt governor (William Berkeley), appointed by the King ◦Increasing economic inequality – why? ◦Governor restricted expansion in Indian territory – why? 1676: Governor refuses to deploy troops against Indians; poor whites on the frontier rebel What does this have to do with slavery?

Why the shift to slavery? Fear of rebellion by poor whites Improving life expectancy  slaves are worth the “investment” Better conditions in England  fewer people signing up to be indentured servants