Reconstruction

Reconstruction ► rebuilding after the war, bringing south back into Union, fix their economy, and promote African Americans rights ► Making the states “united” once again

Lincoln’s Plan ► Reconcile with south, not punish the south ► South had to accept 13 th Amendment ► Amnesty: pardoned all who took an oath of loyalty to US, except officers and leaders ► 10 Percent Plan: once 10% of voters took oath to the Union a state could be readmitted

Freedmen’s Bureau ► Provided food, clothing, healthcare, and education to black and white refugees of the South ► Represented black citizens in court and in labor disputes ► Reunited families

Johnson’s Plan ► Became president after Lincoln was assassinated ► Similar to Lincoln’s but didn’t require the 10% ► Allowed officers to be pardoned and take office ► Accept 13 th Amendment, but not the right to vote ► Accepted by South…many states rejoin the Union

Resistance to Johnson’s Plan ► Radical Republicans in Congress want African Americans to have suffrage ► Southern states pass black codes that severely limited the rights of AA and kept them as landless workers ► Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to give civil liberties to AA but Johnson vetoes it, then Radical Republican override his veto

Congressional Reconstruction ► Accepted the 13 th Amendment (abolished slavery) ► Passed the 14 th Amendment giving citizenship and equal protection under the law to all African Americans ► Military Reconstruction Act: set up five military districts in the South  States had to accept 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments

Johnson’s Impeachment ► Radical Republicans worried Johnson would undermine their plan, so they pass the Tenure of Office Act: Senate had to approve the removal of gov’t officials ► Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act so the House impeaches (accuse him of wrongdoings) Johnson  He is not removed from office because he promises to follow Congressional Reconstruction Plan

Let’s Review! 1. Which Reconstruction Plan was most acceptable to the South? a.Lincoln’s Plan b.Johnson’s Plan c.Congress’ Plan 2. What organization attempted to aid emancipated slaves in the South? a.Congress b.Freedman’s Bureau c.Amnesty International 3. Why was Johnson impeached? a.He refused to let the Freedman’s Bureau aid poor whites and blacks. b.He refused to ask the Senate for permission to fire a staff member. c.He refused to send the military into the South. 3. Which of the 3 major reconstruction plans was the best for the nation? Why?

Grant in Office Grant in Office ► Grant won the Election of 1868 with the help of AA voters because the 15 th Amendment (gave former slaves the right to vote) ► His entire time in office was plagued with corruption ► Used the spoils system, his friends were corrupt ► Worst scandal was the Whiskey Ring in which officials were selling tax stamps for whiskey for less than their real value

Republicans in the South ► Southerners are Democrats…always vote Democrat=Solid South ► African Americans support Republicans ► Jim Crow Laws: laws created in the South to segregate African Americans ► Scalawags: white Republicans in the South…hated ► Carpetbaggers: northern Republicans who move South for economic opportunities…hated

The Southern Economy ► Sharecropping:  Landowner provides person with a place to live, seeds and tools and when crops are harvested the renter must give a portion of his crop but interest rates were high and sharecropper stayed in debt  Many former slaves become sharecroppers ► Tenant Farmers: tenant paid rent in cash to a landowner and was free to do whatever with his land

Ku Klux Klan ► The more progress AA made the more hostile white southerners became ► Terrorized and intimidated AA by burning homes, schools and churches or beating/killing AA ► Dressed in white robes and hoods ► Congress tried to stop them with Enforcement Acts but being in the KKK is not illegal but most of their activities are illegal

The Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877 ► Republicans (North) win electoral college but Democrats (South) win popular vote ► Could have led to another rebellion ► In the end the Compromise of 1877 satisfies both the North and the South  North Happy: Republican Rutherford B. Hayes is elected  South Happy: troops are removed from the South  Significance: Reconstruction is over with the Compromise of 1877 and removal of troops

Let’s Review! 1. Why was Grant an ineffective president? a.His cabinet members were corrupt. b.He was drunk his entire presidency. c.He was racist and refused to follow reconstruction plans. 2. What system provided tools, land, and seed and split the crop between land owner and farmer? a.Plantation system b.Tenant farming c.sharecropping 3. How did Southerners attempt to restrict the rights of freed slaves? a.They forced them to become slaves again. b.They passed black codes. c.They made them move to ghettos. 4. Why is the Compromise of 1877 considered the end of Reconstruction? a.African Americans got all of their demands met. b.The carpetbaggers took over the work of Reconstruction. c.When the military withdrew, no more advances were made in the South.