1. RECONSTRUCTION Life after the Civil War

2. ReconstructionReconstruction Freedman’s Bureau: A government agency established in March 1865 to help both former slaves and poor whites cope with their everyday problems by providing food, clothing and other necessities Freedman’s Bureau: A government agency established in March 1865 to help both former slaves and poor whites cope with their everyday problems by providing food, clothing and other necessities

3. ReconstructionReconstruction Reconstruction: a plan to rebuild the South and restore southern states to the Union as quickly and easily as possible Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan: All southerners were to take an oath of allegiance to the U.S. (exclude high ranking military officials & Confederate government officials) After 10% of the voters in a state took the oath, the state could form a government and ask to be readmitted to the Union Reconstruction: a plan to rebuild the South and restore southern states to the Union as quickly and easily as possible Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan: All southerners were to take an oath of allegiance to the U.S. (exclude high ranking military officials & Confederate government officials) After 10% of the voters in a state took the oath, the state could form a government and ask to be readmitted to the Union

4. ReconstructionReconstruction Disagreement with Lincoln’s plan: Disagreement with Lincoln’s plan: Congress felt the southern states should be punished Congress felt the southern states should be punished Disagreement with Lincoln’s plan: Disagreement with Lincoln’s plan: Congress felt the southern states should be punished Congress felt the southern states should be punished

5. ReconstructionReconstruction Johnson’s original plan: Johnson’s original plan: The same as Lincoln’s except he expanded the groups who were not granted a general pardon The same as Lincoln’s except he expanded the groups who were not granted a general pardon Johnson’s original plan: Johnson’s original plan: The same as Lincoln’s except he expanded the groups who were not granted a general pardon The same as Lincoln’s except he expanded the groups who were not granted a general pardon

6. ReconstructionReconstruction Disenfranchised: Disenfranchised: To take away the voting rights of others To take away the voting rights of others Disenfranchised: Disenfranchised: To take away the voting rights of others To take away the voting rights of others

7. ReconstructionReconstruction Three Additions to Johnson’s Plan: Three Additions to Johnson’s Plan: States had to approve (ratify) the 13 th amendment States had to approve (ratify) the 13 th amendment States had to nullify the articles of secession States had to nullify the articles of secession States had to promise not to repay institutions and individuals who had funded the Confederacy States had to promise not to repay institutions and individuals who had funded the Confederacy Three Additions to Johnson’s Plan: Three Additions to Johnson’s Plan: States had to approve (ratify) the 13 th amendment States had to approve (ratify) the 13 th amendment States had to nullify the articles of secession States had to nullify the articles of secession States had to promise not to repay institutions and individuals who had funded the Confederacy States had to promise not to repay institutions and individuals who had funded the Confederacy

8. ReconstructionReconstruction Purpose of the 13 th Amendment: Purpose of the 13 th Amendment: Abolish slavery Abolish slavery Purpose of the 13 th Amendment: Purpose of the 13 th Amendment: Abolish slavery Abolish slavery

9. ReconstructionReconstruction Black Codes: Black Codes: Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of freedmen Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of freedmen These laws often controlled the types of jobs freedmen could have, permitted whipping as a punishment, and established labor periods (sunrise to sunset These laws often controlled the types of jobs freedmen could have, permitted whipping as a punishment, and established labor periods (sunrise to sunset These laws also permitted prison for jobless blacks so many worked for very low wages These laws also permitted prison for jobless blacks so many worked for very low wages Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on juries or testify against white men in court Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on juries or testify against white men in court Black Codes: Black Codes: Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of freedmen Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of freedmen These laws often controlled the types of jobs freedmen could have, permitted whipping as a punishment, and established labor periods (sunrise to sunset These laws often controlled the types of jobs freedmen could have, permitted whipping as a punishment, and established labor periods (sunrise to sunset These laws also permitted prison for jobless blacks so many worked for very low wages These laws also permitted prison for jobless blacks so many worked for very low wages Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on juries or testify against white men in court Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on juries or testify against white men in court

10. ReconstructionReconstruction Congress’ response to Black Codes: Congress’ response to Black Codes: They passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 They passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Extended citizenship to African Americans Extended citizenship to African Americans Gave federal government the right to intervene in issues of discrimination Gave federal government the right to intervene in issues of discrimination 14 th amendment was also passed at this time 14 th amendment was also passed at this time Congress’ response to Black Codes: Congress’ response to Black Codes: They passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 They passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Extended citizenship to African Americans Extended citizenship to African Americans Gave federal government the right to intervene in issues of discrimination Gave federal government the right to intervene in issues of discrimination 14 th amendment was also passed at this time 14 th amendment was also passed at this time

11. ReconstructionReconstruction 14 th Amendment: 14 th Amendment: Gave citizenship to freedmen Gave citizenship to freedmen Ensured equal protection under the law Ensured equal protection under the law 14 th Amendment: 14 th Amendment: Gave citizenship to freedmen Gave citizenship to freedmen Ensured equal protection under the law Ensured equal protection under the law

12. ReconstructionReconstruction Congressional Reconstruction: Congressional Reconstruction: Had to ratify 14 th amendment Had to ratify 14 th amendment When southern states refused: When southern states refused: Congress invalidated the new governments Congress invalidated the new governments States were placed under military rule States were placed under military rule Congressional Reconstruction: Congressional Reconstruction: Had to ratify 14 th amendment Had to ratify 14 th amendment When southern states refused: When southern states refused: Congress invalidated the new governments Congress invalidated the new governments States were placed under military rule States were placed under military rule

13. ReconstructionReconstruction Carpetbaggers: Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved south after the war Northerners who moved south after the war Scalawags: Scalawags: Southerners who supported the Republican reconstruction plan Southerners who supported the Republican reconstruction plan Carpetbaggers: Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved south after the war Northerners who moved south after the war Scalawags: Scalawags: Southerners who supported the Republican reconstruction plan Southerners who supported the Republican reconstruction plan

14. ReconstructionReconstruction Three improvement made during the Constitutional Convention of 1867: 1. Civil rights for all GA citizens 2. Free public education for all children 3. Allowed married women to control their own property (1 st state to do this) New governor: Rufus Bullock - Republican Three improvement made during the Constitutional Convention of 1867: 1. Civil rights for all GA citizens 2. Free public education for all children 3. Allowed married women to control their own property (1 st state to do this) New governor: Rufus Bullock - Republican

15. ReconstructionReconstruction Henry McNeal Turner: One of 29 black legislators elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1868 What happened to the 32 African Americans elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1868? They were expelled after it was determined they had been given the right to vote, but not to hold office Henry McNeal Turner: One of 29 black legislators elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1868 What happened to the 32 African Americans elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1868? They were expelled after it was determined they had been given the right to vote, but not to hold office

16. ReconstructionReconstruction Ku Klux Klan: A secret organization that tried to keep freedmen from exercising their new civil rights Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865 Methods of Terrorism used: Intimidation included beatings, whippings, murder Ku Klux Klan: A secret organization that tried to keep freedmen from exercising their new civil rights Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865 Methods of Terrorism used: Intimidation included beatings, whippings, murder

17. ReconstructionReconstruction 15 th amendment: Gave all male citizens the right to vote 15 th amendment: Gave all male citizens the right to vote

18. ReconstructionReconstruction Georgia’s readmission was completed after they: 1. Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold office 2. Reseated the expelled African American representatives 3. Approved 14 th amendment 4. Ratified 15 th amendment Democrats regained control of both houses of the Georgia General Assembly Georgia’s readmission was completed after they: 1. Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold office 2. Reseated the expelled African American representatives 3. Approved 14 th amendment 4. Ratified 15 th amendment Democrats regained control of both houses of the Georgia General Assembly

19. ReconstructionReconstruction Sharecropping: Landowners provided land, a house, farming tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. Workers agreed to give the owner a share of the harvest. Tenant Farming: Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was tenants usually owned some equipment and farm animals. They also bought their own seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid landowner a set amount of cash or share of crop Sharecropping: Landowners provided land, a house, farming tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. Workers agreed to give the owner a share of the harvest. Tenant Farming: Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was tenants usually owned some equipment and farm animals. They also bought their own seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid landowner a set amount of cash or share of crop

20. ReconstructionReconstruction Demand on soil: Because the bankers put such high expectations on farmers (expected them to grow cotton & tobacco crops year after year) the soil was ruined Farmers became poorer and poorer Cotton was still the most important crop in Georgia Demand on soil: Because the bankers put such high expectations on farmers (expected them to grow cotton & tobacco crops year after year) the soil was ruined Farmers became poorer and poorer Cotton was still the most important crop in Georgia

21. ReconstructionReconstruction Other businesses expanded during Reconstruction: Industry increased because of increased cotton demand (textile mills increased) Industry increased because of increased cotton demand (textile mills increased) Banks began to reopen due to increased demand Banks began to reopen due to increased demand Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels reopened Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels reopened Railroad traffic & shipping increased as shipping demands grew Railroad traffic & shipping increased as shipping demands grew Other businesses expanded during Reconstruction: Industry increased because of increased cotton demand (textile mills increased) Industry increased because of increased cotton demand (textile mills increased) Banks began to reopen due to increased demand Banks began to reopen due to increased demand Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels reopened Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels reopened Railroad traffic & shipping increased as shipping demands grew Railroad traffic & shipping increased as shipping demands grew