The Spread of Islam From Egypt to France.

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The Spread of Islam From Egypt to France

Key Vocabulary Terms

Egypt before Islam Byzantine Rulers Egyptians spoke Greek and Coptic Mostly Coptic Christians 641 AD invaded by Arabs from Palestine

Arab conquest of Egypt Army led by Amr ibn al-Aas crushes the Byzantine Army Arabic becomes the dominant language Slowly many Egyptians choose to convert to Islam The Christians were taxed (Jizya) but allowed to keep their religion

The spread across North Africa Byzantine rule was ended in North Africa by Islamic invasions of Tunisia (647-648 AD) and Morocco (682 AD) The Berbers, native inhabitants of North Africa, resisted and then converted to Islam and aided in its expansion

Spain before Islam Spain was ruled by the Visigoths Rodrigo, their king, was a usurper and not well liked by his people In 711 an Islamic army invaded across the straits of Gibraltar Rodrigo met them at the battle of Guadalete where many of his forces abandoned him on the battlefield, leading to his death and defeat of his army

Córdoba In 756 Córdoba was established as the Muslim capital of Spain It became a major center of trade between the Arab world and Europe By the early 900’s it was the largest and most advanced city in Europe It was a great center of learning

Battle of Tours In the early 700’s Islamic raiders pushed north into France looting and plundering In 732 they were met by a Frankish army under the command of Charles “The Hammer” Martel near the city of Tours

Battle of Tours continued The Frankish knights were outnumbered, and unable to meet the Moorish (the name for Spanish Muslims) cavalry head on. They instead dismounted and formed a shield wall on a wooded hillside

Battle of Tours continued The Islamic cavalry was unable to break through the Frankish shield wall after several uphill charges Meanwhile, the Franks sent a small group of knights around the rear of the Moorish army to attack their supply camp

Battle of Tours continued The Moorish army heard that their camp was being attacked, and began to retreat in hopes that they would be able to defend their war spoils that were stored in there.

Battle of Tours continued This retreat quickly turned into a chaotic mob The Frankish knights charged down the hillside and routed the fleeing Moors This marked the end of the Muslim advance into Europe and began the Reconquista in Spain