1. Warm Up #15 Answer in complete sentences What was the last “official” crusade to the Holy Land and how did it end? Why did European and Muslim rulers expel Jews from their territories?

2. The Reconquista How this movement propelled Spain into the New World and beyond

3. Key Terms Al-Andalus Iberian Peninsula Moors Christian Kingdoms Taifa Kingdoms Fueros Ferdinand and Isabella Spanish Inquisition

4. Mr. Morrow, Monday was a long time ago, what did we learn again? The Crusades and the Mongol invasion was halted by the Mamluks, who were the Islamic culture based in Egypt. The Hapsburg family gains control of Central Europe, where they will dominate politics until World War One.

5. The Reconquista in 5 Slides! In 711 the Muslim Moors invaded the Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia. In 722 the remnant Christian soldiers regrouped in Asturias and started a campaign to reclaim their lands. In 732 Charles Martel defeated the Moors at the battle of Tours, halting their advance into Europe. By 1236 half of the Iberian peninsula had been retaken by the Christian kingdoms.

6. Why? At first the Christians were simply fighting to remain independent Over time they developed a desire to remove all non- Christians from Iberia This coincided and perhaps inspired the Crusader movement in Europe The Spanish Inquisition became a particularly cruel expression of the Christian desire to rid the peninsula of “heretics”, which included the Muslims and Jews.

7. Who? The Muslim Moors were initially Berbers from North Africa, but over time many native Iberians converted. Eventually the Berbers returned home due to feelings of discrimination from the natives. The Muslims formed several independent states called the Taifa Kingdoms The Christians were initially Visigoths and Basques. Over time they brought in mercenaries, mainly Franks and Normans. They began as both independent Kingdoms and vassal duchies of the Frankish Empire. They eventually consolidated into Spain and Portugal.

8. What about the little people? The Reconquista caused many converted Muslims to move south, abandoning lands in the North. The Christians used this opportunity to populate these abandoned areas with peasants from Europe. These peasants were able to leave behind the Feudal System. The towns that they settled were known as Fueros and were given charters that established their independence.

9. How did it all end? Over time the Muslims were driven into the Emirate of Grenada in Southeastern Iberia. In 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella, who were the King and Queen of Aragon and Castille (two of the Christian Kingdoms) defeated the Muslims and drove them from Iberia As part of their celebration of victory they sponsored Christopher Columbus’ voyage that would (re)discover the Americas The Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas was driven by their 700 plus years of Reconquest.

10. Reconquista Comic Strip Due on Friday 2/1/2013 Be Original You can do a small part of the reconquista, an idea about the reconquista or a broader view of the whole affair. Yes, it needs to be outlined. Yes, it should be in color and in fact you will receive extra credit if you do. No, you cannot do stick figures.