CHAPTER 19 Section 1:The Postwar Era Section 2:Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Section 3:Political Tensions After World War I Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Weimar Republic Why were the German people not satisfied with their new republic?

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Germany paid off its war debts by borrowing from the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom, meanwhile, paid Germany by borrowing from the U.S. This created a situation wherein all European countries became dependant on the U.S.A. Now American banks wanted their money back... Germany’s economy collapses.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Unemployment was rampant … Inflation soared.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The Salvation Army serves hungry Berliners in the dark days of 1923.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany With the mark almost worthless, bartering made a comeback. Germans are seen here swapping bread, sausages and jam for tickets to the circus.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The collapse of the mark made it cheaper to paper a wall with bank notes than to buy wallpaper.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany September ,000 unemployed September 19291,320,000 unemployed September 19303,000,000 unemployed September 19314,350,000 unemployed September 19325,102,000 unemployed January 19336,100,000 unemployed Unemployment in the Weimar Republic

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany What does this graph illustrate about the value of the German mark? In 1918, Berlin bread was worth less than a mark, by 1922 the same bread would cost 160 marks, and by 1923, the bread would be 200 billion marks.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Right-wing groups and communist groups tried to overthrow the ailing republic Beer Hall Putsch A group of extreme nationalists …. led by Adolf Hitler.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany While in prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf detailing his political ideology – his belief that the world’s twin evils were communism and Judaism. He also predicted Germany’s future on the world stage.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Hitler’s political party was extremely nationalistic, anti-Semitic, and anticommunist. National Socialist German Workers’ Party. Nazi Party

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Hitler promised to repeal the hated Treaty of Versailles and restore Germany’s military power. … recovery of lost territory. … a “greater Germany”. … the “master race”.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany In 1932, the Nazi Party won 230 seats in the Reichstag – more than any other party but not enough to claim a majority. In 1933, the president would appoint Adolf Hitler as chancellor.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany police state banned ALL opposition the Gestapo (secret police) “inferior races” suffered persecution Der Führer Third Reich

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The persecution and exodus of Germany's 525,000 Jews began almost immediately. In April 1933, German law restricted the number of Jewish students at German schools and universities. In the same month, further legislation sharply curtailed "Jewish activity" in the medical and legal professions.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The Nuremberg Laws excluded German Jews from Reich citizenship prohibited them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of "German or German- related blood." Jews were disenfranchised and could not hold public office.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany A Sign that Reads 'Jews Aren't Welcome Here'

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany 1935, A Sign that Reads, 'Local Residents Don't Want Any Relations with Jews'

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The Third Reich begins … Hitler orders troops into the Rhineland – direct violation of Treaty of Versailles Neither Great Britain nor France reacts! Alliance with Mussolini.... The Rome-Berlin Axis.

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany