1. Fascism Rises in Europe

2. Fascism Fascism is a militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. They promised to revive the economy, punish those responsible for hard times, and restore national pride.

3. Mussolini Benito Mussolini became Italy’s fascist leader. He legally gained power from Italian King Victor Emmanuel III. Mussolini was called Il Duce.

4. Hitler Adolf Hitler was born in Austria. Nazi was short for the National Socialist German Worker’s party. The leader of the Nazis was called der Fuhrer. Hitler wrote Mein Kampf which contained his beliefs and goals for Germany.

5. Hitler Hitler was focused on created a “master race” which were people who were blond and blue-eyed. Soon after gaining power legally he turned Germany into a totalitarian state. The Gestapo and the SS (Schutzstaffel) were the 2 police forces Hitler used.

6. Hitler 5 ways to spread propaganda ◦ Press ◦ Radio ◦ Literature ◦ Painting ◦ Film Jews made up less than one percent of the population. Kristallnacht means the night of the broken glass

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8. Aggressors on the March

9. Drifting to War While Fascist countries were focused on military conquest, the major democracies were distracted by the Depression. Japan created a civilian government before the depression when the military took over. Japan’s Pacific empire included conquering China. They first invaded the northeast province of Manchuria.

10. Drifting to War Japan invaded China again in 1937. Italy invaded Ethiopia to avenge their defeat in the 1890s. The League of Nations did not have much power because they didn’t have their own troops.

11. Drifting to War The buffer zone between Germany and France was known as Rhineland. Appeasement was giving in to an aggressor to keep peace. The Axis Powers included Germany, Japan, and Italy.

12. Drifting to War Hitler and Mussolini sent troops, tanks, and airplane to help the new fascist leader in the Spanish Civil War. Isolationism was the belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided. The Third Reich was the German Empire.

13. Drifting to War Great Britain and France allowed Germany to take the Sudetenland to avoid war. Less than 6 months later Hitler’s troops invaded Czechoslovakia.