1. France= 8.4 Million Troops
Great Brit= 8.9 Million Trps
Russia= 12 million Troops
Italy= 5 Million troops
America= 4.7 Million troops
Germany= 11 million Trps
Austria-H= 7.8 Million Ottoman Empire= 3 million

2. Factors that led to WWII
NOV. 11th 1918
Central Power collapse and the allies win.
WWI comes to an end
Representatives from 32 different countries met in the Palace of Versailles in France. And created the Versailles Treaty which officially ended WWI
The three most powerful leaders made most of the decisions. Wilson from the USA, Clemenceau of France and Lloyd George of Great Britain.
Germany had no Representation at the peace conference

3. Treaty of Versailles
The French wanted revenge on Germany because most of the battles took place in France
President Wilson wanted lasting peace so they wouldn't need to go to War again.
President Wilson’s 14 points
A plan for keeping global peace
Goals of the 14 points
Fair Treatment of Germany at the Treaty of Versailles
Eliminate secret Alliance
Self-Determination for all new countries
Self-Determination People decide what type of Government they wanted
Creation of a “League of Nations” was designed to negotiate disagreements between countries and avoid future wars.

4. Terms of the Treaty Territory loses
Germany had to give Alcace-Lorain to France
All of Germany’s overseas colonies were confiscated and given to Britain and France
Military Restrictions
Size limit of 100,000 men
Germany prohibited from building offensive war machines like tanks, submarines, cannons
Border with France “Rhineland” must remain Demilitarized

5. Versailles Fall Out! WWI left many of the European Countries Bankrupt
The most insulting part of the VT was how the blame of WWI was placed
Germany must claim sole Responsibility for War
Germany Must pay 33 Billion Dollars in Reparations over 30 years to Britain and France
WWI left many of the European Countries Bankrupt
Because the nations of Europe had borrowed huge amounts of $$ to pay for the running a 4 year war

6. Consequences of the Treaty
Germany paid for the war by simply printing more money, instead of raising taxes.
33 billion in War reparations paid by simply printing more money.
Value of German Money fell
German Economy was hit by Hyperinflation
1914 (4Marks=1$) by 1923 (4.2 Trillion Marks=1$)
German Citizens need more and more $$ to pay for simple goods
By 1923 a loaf of Bread cost 200 Billion Marks

7. Rise of Fascism in Europe
After WWI and the economic depression that followed, people in Germany and Italy looked for strong leadership thus Fascism take hold.
Fascism- political movement that emphasized loyalty and obedience to the state and the leader
Fascist leaders promised to revive the economy…punish those who were responsible for the depression…and restore national pride.
Benito Mussolini
IL Duce
“The Leader”

8. Italian Fascism Benito Mussolini
Newspaper editor founded the Italian fascist party in 1919.
Not much popularity early
But as economy got bad citizens turned to him for leadership
Italian Democratic gov. seemed Helpless
He promised to revive the economy and rebuild the Italian military
Needed a scapegoat for the economic crisis
Blamed the communist and socialists
Black shirts spread propaganda about the communists…would attack them in the streets
1922 Mussolini and black shirts march into Rome and demand power.
Mussolini seized power legally

9. Nazism
1919 WWI veteran Adolph Hitler joins small right wing political organization “NAZI Party”
Nazi’s main goals are to…
Destroy communists
Overturn the “unfair” treaty of Versailles
Nazi Party adopts swastika as it symbol
Form a small paramilitary group known as Brown Shirts or Storm troopers

10. Hitler
Hitler was such a great charismatic speaker that the Nazi party appointed him “der fuhrer” (The Leader)
Tried to take over the German government in Munich in 1923, but fails “Beer Hall Putsch”
Was arrested for failed coup
While in jail wrote “Mein Kampf” which translates to “My Struggle”
In his book he claims that Germans are the master race
And blames all the post WWI problems on Jews and other “inferior Races” (Scapegoat)

11. Similarities
Both Mussolini and Hitler remained relatively small time players until the Great Depression hit in 1929
Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933, again both Hitler and Mussolini came to power legally.
After taking power Hitler had his opponents either arrested or killed, by his secret police known as the Brown Shirts
This shocked the rest of Germany into obedience