Chapter 24 European Imperialism Cause – Course - Effects

The Numbers  Between , GDP of –UK increased more than 6 times –Germany was 9 times –USA was 41 times (Merica!!!!) –Per capita incr 2.9, 3.4, and 4.2 respectively  Between same time period... Share of world GDP –Chin’s fell from 33 to 9 percent –India fell from 16 to 8 –UK rose from 5 to 8 –US from 2 to 19 (Merica!)  Unmatched! “While the machine-produced textiles of the Europeans and Atlantic powers undercut local products in other regions, their modernized armies conquered much of the world.” (D. Christian)

The Global North and Global South

The Great North-South Divide in Population

The Great North-South Divide in Wealth p.com/countrie syears/

European Colonial Territories in 1763 European Colonial Territories in 1830

Imperialism

1. Economic – 1.tariff barriers limited imports 2.new markets to purchase Euro goods 3.pressure valve for labor and investments 2. Military – bases and naval coaling stations 3. Nationalism – colonies important for national prestige and glory 4. Technological superiority – particularly the machine gun, quinine, telegraph and steamships 5. Special interest groups – shippers, military men, settlers, missionaries all favored Imperialism Causes 1.Economic – national strength depends on a more global eco. 2. Military – constant tensions will Euro peers 3. Nationalism – we need money and weapons to show our strength 4. Anglo-Saxon superiority – Social Darwinism 5. Missionary duty – Rudyard Kipling’s poem: “The White Man’s Burden” Justifications

Paternalism- Europeans provided for local people but gave them no rights

Methods of Management Types of Settlement Tropical dependencies – few foreigners ruling larger indigenous population Tropical dependencies – few foreigners ruling larger indigenous population Allowed more Indirect rule Allowed more Indirect rule Settler colonies – many settlers ruling large indigenous Settler colonies – many settlers ruling large indigenous Demanded more Direct rule population Demanded more Direct rule population White Dominions– mostly white population White Dominions– mostly white population Canada, Australia, New Zealand Canada, Australia, New Zealand Europeans develop four forms of control over territories 1. Colony- governed internally by a foreign power 2. Protectorate- country or territory is governed with their own government but is under the control of an outside power 3. Sphere of Influence- an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges 4. Economic Imperialism- an independent but less developed country controlled by a private business interests rather than another government

British Investment Abroad on the Eve of World War I (1913)

Nationalism   Desire of a certain people to rule themselves –1776: Americans vs British –Scottish vs British –India vs British  Imperialism / Colonization ALWAYS leads to those without power want to seek some sort of independence!

Imperialism The Similarities

Competition between SuperPowers  India: French then the British  South Africa: Boers (Dutch) then the British  Hawaii: Everyone... Spanish- British- Americans

Indigenous Support  Hawaii: Kamehameha helped unite Hawaii with British support Kamehameha  India: Sepoys, Hindu Bankers, Ram Mohan Roy  Java: Served in Dutch Armies

Resistance Movements  Java: Sultan Mankubumi of Mataram failed as most of the land and soldiers had been taken by the stronger Dutch  India: Sepoy Mutiny of 1857  South Africa: Battle of Isandhlwana was a Zulu victory however, in smaller battles they were overwhelmed by the British guns  New Zealand: Maori failed... Limited arms

Reforms  India: Lord Cornwallis limited Indian representation though checked corruption, Evangelicals brought their faith, Utilitarians promoted Western-style education, Sati ended, Ram Mohan Roy promote women’s rights and a more secular education  South Africa: Boer Republics vs British Cape Colony  New Zealand: Maori participated in rule of law helping to create a multiracial society  Hawaii: Missionaries brought the muumus to cover the breasts

The Partition of Africa between c and 1914

Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa  1870s!!!... The Scramble  The Berlin Conference – –Established colonial claims when “effective occupation” was reached –Noble-minded?  End slavery, Civilize, Christianize, Commerce, and trade –Prevented one European power from controlling the continent

Based on Scramble for Africa... What was ironic about the Act of Berlin? I will accept two different answers (based on the video)

Emma Lazarus

Colossus of Rhodes

Cecil Rhodes

The Growth of the British Empire in India, From the 1750s to 1858