1. Imperialism

2. Imperialism:
The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country
Stronger countries dominate the political, economic, and social lives of the weaker countries

3. Setting the Stage: Industrialism National Pride European Superiority
Need for raw materials and cheap labor
Need for new markets to sell finished goods
National Pride
European Superiority
Racism
Social Darwinism
Steam Engines
Maxim Gun

4. Pre-European Africa:
Divisions of hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups
Traditional beliefs, some conversions to Islam and Christianity
Europeans kept from interior of Africa
Trade was conducted on a tribe-by-tribe basis

5. The Scramble for Africa:
By the late 1800s:
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Britain, and Spain were claiming parts of Africa

6. Division of Africa:
Diamond and gold discoveries increased the desire for colonies in Africa
Berlin Conference
To control land in Africa, the conquering country must:
Notify other European countries of the claims
Control the area
No Africans were present

7. Four Types of Control: Colony Protectorate Sphere of Influence
Country or territory governed by a foreign power
Protectorate
Country or territory with its own government, but under control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence
An outside power claims all investment or trading rights to the area
Economic Imperialism
An independent but less developed country controlled by private businesses, not government

8. Indirect control: Relies on existing government
British colonies of Australia and Canada
United States and its Pacific Island Colonies

9. Direct Control:
Africans were not capable of running countries themselves
Paternalism
Governed people to provide for their needs, not their rights
Used foreign government officials to rule African colonies
Assimilation
Thought that in time, the locals would adopt French culture

10. Legacy: Negative Effects:
Africans lose control of own territories and freedom
Many died from new diseases, such as smallpox
Warfare from resistance fighting
Loss of traditional cultures
Division of Lands:
Artificial lines
Continues to create issues in modern states

11. Positive Effects: Reduced Local Warfare Humanitarian Efforts
Improved sanitation, hospitals, schools
Economic Expansion
African products now in world markets
Railroads, dams, telegraph wires