2. Imperialism Honors World Studies 2011 - 2012

3. English Colonies before the Industrial Revolution England had many colonies around the world, including Canada, Australia, and New Zealand Canada eventually became a dominion, a land that is self-governed in domestic affairs but still part of the British Empire

4. Australia is used as a penal colony, but both ex-convicts and free settlers developed a sheep herding economy. Britain pushed off the Maoris and Aborigines, the Native habitants of Australia and New Zealand Both colonies became democratic dominions of the British Empire.

5. Imperialists Divide Africa

6. Europeans had very little control in Africa prior to the mid-1800se because travel was so difficult and because Africans controlled most of the trade.

7. Motivations for Colonization of Africa Greed, Nationalism, racism, and missionary work motivated European colonization Many Europeans believed in Social Darwinism Superior weapons, the steam engine, medicines, and African rivalries helped Europeans dominate Africa. In 1884-1885, 14 European nations met at the Berlin Conference to divide Africa.

8. Why did Europeans want Africa? Europeans took advantage of Africa’s vast natural resources especially diamonds in South Africa. South Africa was initially inhabited by Africans known as the Zulu. They are eventually absorbed by the British.

9. Europeans used four methods to control their colonies 1. Colony- land governed by a foreign power. 2. Protectorate- land with its own government but still controlled by an outside power. 3. Sphere of Influence- land with an outside power having control of the economy

10. 4. Economic Imperialism- land controlled by external private companies rather than a country Some countries such as Britain and the US used indirect control- local leaders control the colony and learn how to be future leaders Most countries used direct control where they personally ruled the colony.

11. Effects Many Africans resisted colonial rule, despite a lack of weapons and organization. Ethiopia is the only nation to remain free of European dominance Colonialism had both positive (hospitals, schools, less fighting) and negative (lost land, independence, and new diseases) effects