1. Part I – Setting the stage
Age of Imperialism,
Part I – Setting the stage
AP World History

2. Imperialism
The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that nation

3. Phases of Imperialism When Countries Involved Causes Consequences
Old Imperialism
When
Countries Involved
England, France, Holland, Portugal and Spain
Causes
Gold, God, Glory
Mercantilism
Consequences
Columbian exchange
Wars over empires
Slave Trade
Native populations devastated.

4. Interlude Late 1700s – Late 1800s
During this period very little imperialism was going on
What world events were occurring that may have hindered Imperialism
American Revolution, French Revolution, Napoleonic wars, Latin American Wars for Independence, Industrial Revolution, Nationalist Revolutions.

5. Phases of Imperialism When Countries Involved Where? Resistance
New Imperialism
When
Countries Involved
England, France, Portugal, Spain
New “Players” – Germany, Italy, Belgium, US and Japan
Where?
Focus on Asia and Africa
Resistance
Natives are not decimated by disease – Conflict between Natives and colonists increase

6. Motives
Need for raw materials and markets due to the Industrial Revolution
Especially now that it had spread all over Europe – led to competition between industrial nations
Exploitation of cheap labor
Opportunities for investment (mines, railways, factories, etc.)
Nationalism
Desire for one’s country to get ahead in the domination of Africa and Asia and assert their political power
Social Darwinism
Christianize, Westernize, Civilize
“White Man’s Burden” – Kipling
Spread benefits of modern civilization (medicine, technology, law, sanitation, etc.)

7. Motives of New Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution caused a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States
Where would these resources come from?
Africa
Asia
Latin America

8. Causes of New Imperialism
- Economic competition between European nations; new markets to sell their goods
- The need of European nations to add colonies to their empires as a measure of national greatness
- Growing beliefs of racial superiority.
Because they were more technologically advanced, many Europeans and Americans felt they had the right to dominate the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America

9. Causes of New Imperialism
- Social Darwinism: the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others
Because of Social Darwinism, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring progress to other nations
- Need to Christianize the people of Asia and Africa
- Need to civilize and “westernize” others

10. What Enabled Imperialism?
- Europeans’ technological superiority (including the machine gun (Maxim Gun))
- Improvements in transportation and communication to and within Asian and African colonies (Steam engines, Railroads, telegraph)
- Medical advances, such as Quinine, which protected Europeans from foreign diseases (malaria)
- African lack of unity
African unity was difficult because of the many different languages and cultures.

11. How were Westerners able to colonize so many people?
Not only is the technology better, but the technology can be quickly and efficiently produced in mass quantities, as the result of industrialization.

12. During the 19th century, European countries (and eventually the U. S
During the 19th century, European countries (and eventually the U.S. and Japan) practiced many types of imperialism, but when they chose to set up colonies, they used two different models – compared below.
Types of colonies
Settlement colonies
Canada
Australia & New Zealand
South Africa, Algeria, & Kenya
Hawaii
Destinations for European settlers
Many European settlers; some had few natives, other had equal numbers of natives
Dual goals: settlement and exploitation of natural resources
Tropical Dependencies
Africa
Asia
South Pacific
Areas generally less appealing to European settlers
Natives made up most of the population
Main goal = exploitation of natural resources

13. Imperialism Timeline
Look on p. 542 in World Civ. books

14. Imperialism in 1914

15. Forms of Imperialism FORMS OF IMPERIALISM CHARACTERISTICS Colony
A country or region governed internally by a foreign power (India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Hawaii, etc.)
Protectorate
A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power (Cuba)
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges (China)
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other government (Iran, Argentina)

16. Forms of Imperialism Types of Management
INDIRECT CONTROL
Examples
Local government officials were used
Limited self-rule
GOAL: to develop future leaders
Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
British India
British West Africa
British South Africa
American imperialism in the Philippines and Latin America

17. Forms of Imperialism Types of Management
DIRECT CONTROL
Examples
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
GOAL: assimilation (the process in which a colonial peoples begin to adopt the culture of their rulers.)
Government institutions based only on European styles
Paternalism: people governed in a fatherly way where their needs are provided for but they’re not given rights
French Algeria
French West Africa
French Indochina
Belgian Congo
German Southwest Africa

18. Let’s look at a few specific examples
1. European imperialism in Africa
The Berlin Conference ( )
P. 551 in World Civ book
2. The Belgian Congo
3. British rule in India
Battle of Plassey (1757)
The Sepoy Rebellion (1857)