 Carbon Monoxide (CO)  Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)  Sulfur Oxides (SOx)  Industry  Transportation  Power generation (burn fossil fuels)  Volcanoes  Forest Fires  Dust storms

 Negatively affects human heath  Respiratory system  cardiac system  eye irritation  Cancer  Environment  Damages plants, animals, ecosystems

 Reduce/Minimize  Alternative fuels  Fuel efficiency  Public transportation  Clean Energy sources  Recycle  Regulations

Pencils actually write with a form of carbon called GRAPHITE not lead.

 Lead (Pb) Metal processing (smelting) Batteries Transportation fuels  Particulates dustsmoke salt spray fumes fogmist  Volcanoes  Forest Fires  Dust storms

 Negatively affects human heath  Respiratory system  cardiac system  eye irritation  Cancer  Environment  Damages plants, animals, ecosystems

 Lead  Alternative fuels  Fuel efficiency  Public transportation  Scrubbers in metal industry  Regulations  Particulate  Minimize construction and exposed ground  Reduce overall pollution  Less driving  Alternative fuels

 SO 2 & NO 2 + H 2 O = acid rain * Industry * Transportation * Power generation (burn fossil fuels) * Volcanoes * Forest Fires * JUST ADD WATER

 Damages leaves, trees eventually die  Accumulates in soils damaging plants  Accumulates in lakes/streams kills fish disrupts entire ecosystem  Damages certain building materials (limestone, marble, concrete)  Reacts with certain metals Problem near industrial areas Areas with non-reactive bedrock/soil

 Clean energy (not fossil fuels especially coal)  Scrubbers on industry smoke stacks  Can increase lake pH but expensive and temporary

NOx + hydrocarbons (transportation exhaust) + solar radiation = TROPOSPHERIC OZONE + other hazardous substances  Big cities  warm sunny climate  Worse if air stays trapped in local area

 Lung irritant  Interferes with photosynthesis  Damages plastic, rubber, and elastic materials

 Use mass transportation  Fuel efficient vehicles  Don’t fill gas tanks during daylight hours

IN THE STRATOSPHERE

 Ozone (O 3 ) molecules in STRATOSPHERE destroyed by  CFC chemicals - from  Propellents  Air conditioning  Refridgerators  solvents

 Skin cancers  Cataract (eye damage)  Decreased plant health  Damage to ocean phytoplankton

 Problem noticed in 1970s  Montreal Protocol nations agreed to reduce or eliminate the production/use of CFC chemicals.  Showing improvement – expected to be ‘normal’ by 2050

dXOxo Tropospheric bad Stratospheric good

 Greenhouse effect – gasses in our atmosphere keep temperature moderated by trapping sun’s energy  It is good and important for life  Carbon dioxide CO 2  Methane CH 4  Water vapor H 2 O  See Atmosphere Structure notes for sources Before we talk about Global warming….

 an increase in greenhouse effect (temperatures)  Because of human caused increase in CO 2 emissions  Burn fossil fuels  deforestation

 Ice melt (glaciers, Arctic, Antarticta)  Sea level rise  Ocean Acidification  Extinction, spread of tropical diseases, etc.

 Clean energy, energy efficiency, car pool  Less use of fossil fuels  Reforestation ugs

 Coal, Natural Gas, Oil  Formed from ancient plants/animals ( Million years ago)  Underground mined or drilled/pumped out  Produce air pollutants and greenhouse gasses when burned

 Solar  Wind  Hydroelectric (dams – tides)  Geothermal  Expensive to set up, manufacturing can produce pollutants, localized area