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Pollution
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Air Pollution
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What is air pollution? …air that contains harmful substances at unhealthy levels.
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Where does air pollution come from?
Burning fossil fuels * cars, factories 2) Thermal Inversion * occurs due to heating 3) Natural events
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Other ways to reduce pollution from cars…
Drive less Car pool More fuel efficient cars More alternative fuel cars (ethanol, hydrogen, electric)
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Smog (“smoke & fog”) …air pollution in cities that reduces visibility
Caused by a chem. rxn with: sunlight & pollutants (from cars & industries mostly) Cities in warmer regions are more likely to have smog
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Acid Rain
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What is acid rain? …precipitation with a pH below 5.6
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What causes acid rain? Gases in the air chemically reacts with the water vapor or precipitation forming an acid. ***the gases come from burning fossil fuels -gases like nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc…
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How does acid rain affect ecosystems?
Makes bodies of water more acidic. * affects the organisms in the water. 2) Changes the pH of soil, causes problems for the plants.
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Other problems caused by acid rain
Property damage: *damages paint finishes (cars) *erodes structures *corrodes metals
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Controlling acid rain Eliminate / reduce pollution, mostly emissions from cars, factories, power plants. International cooperation is needed
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The Greenhouse Effect
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What is the Greenhouse Effect?
…a process where heat from the sun is trapped at the surface of Earth by gases in the atmosphere
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What causes the Greenhouse Effect?
…the large amount of “greenhouse gases” put into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels and other activities.
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What are the common “greenhouse gases”?
Water vapor CFC’s Methane Nitrous oxide
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How has the temperature of Earth changed over time?
As CO2 levels have increased greatly over the last 100+ years, so has the average temperature on Earth. Over thousands of years the pattern has been the same, increasing CO2 has caused in increase in temperature.
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What changes may result from the Greenhouse Effect?
Hurricanes – more & stronger hurricanes due to increasing ocean temperatures.
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2) Drought & flooding – more rain in areas that used to get very little & less rain in other areas.
3) Agriculture – areas that used for farming may change making those areas less useful.
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4) Coastal flooding – polar ice melting, causes ocean levels to rise, flooding lower lying areas on the coast.
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How can the Greenhouse Effect be reduced?
Reduce the amount of “greenhouse gases” in the atmosphere! - less fossil fuel use - reduce CFC’s - stop deforestation - plant more trees
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Before & After Pictures of Glaciers
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The Ozone Problem
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What is ozone? …O3 …found in the stratosphere
…protects Earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation
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Damage to the Ozone CFC’s – (chlorofluorocarbons)
* found in refrigerants, aerosol propellants, making styrofoam * new laws regulating them, so CFC’s are not really used anymore. * CFC’s break up Ozone in the stratosphere
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2) Ozone hole / thinning …thinning at the poles, by as much as 98%.
*due to the damage from CFC’s
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The Effects of the Damage to the Ozone.
Increase in skin cancers
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What happens when you ignore skin cancer…
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2) Increase in cataracts (eye problems)
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Sight without & with a cataract
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3) Kill plankton at the surface of water & disrupt food webs
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4) Damages animals & plants – sensitive to changes in radiation (amphibians especially)
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Preventing Ozone damage
1) CFC’s reduced / eliminated – The Montreal Protocol was signed by most industrialized countries, eliminated the production of CFC’s.
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Problems with CFC’s We have slowed the depletion of Ozone.
CFC’s stay in the stratosphere for a long time (20+ years), so ozone released long ago is still destroying ozone.
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