ANCIENT AMERICANS Centennial Middle School

When I call a place civilized, what does that mean to you?

CIVILIZATION: An advanced culture Builds other cities Has a well-organized government A system of social classes Specialized jobs A complex religion A method of record keeping

NORTH AMERICAN ANCIENTS HOHOKAMS MOUND BUILDERS ANASAZIS

- Brought water in hand dug canals more than 6 miles -Ten feet deep, fifty feet wide Agriculture- corn, beans, squash, agave, cotton and tobacco Pottery – technical advancement - Copper bells in wax molds Sometime between 1100 to 1200 they stopped functioning as a village. About 1300 they melted into the culture of the Salado. HOHOKAMS – PRESENT DAY PHOENIX

MOUND BUILDERS - GULF OF MEXICO TO THE OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEYS Earliest mounds in the United States at Watson Brake near Monroe, LA. The purpose of these mounds is unclear. It is believed the are mainly for religious structures used as burial mounds. Many tribes contributed to this culture stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys over many years, some back as far as 2500 BCE. The Great Serpent Mound feet long, three-foot high prehistoric effigy mound in Ohio. Believed to have been built Around 1070.

ANASAZIS- SOUTHWEST (NEW MEXICO) Lived in large multistoried houses Sun-dried stones –adobe Cliff-dwellers Farmers, but traded with other tribes By late 1200 Anasazis abandoned their homes- drought?

MAYANS 3,000 years ago Lived in Mexico and in Guatemala

3 GREAT CITIES Tikal Copan Palenque The Mayans settled in a swampland that bred mosquitoes and diseases.

TEMPLES

PRIESTS The highest members of society Only ones allowed to perform religious ceremonies Good harvests Victorious in battle

SOCIAL CLASS Priest Nobles, Government officials, and Warriors Peasant Farmers Slaves

AN ACADEMIC CIVILIZATION Studied math and astronomy Created an accurate calendar with 365 days Calendar included 19 months

RECORD KEEPING Wrote in HIEROGLYPHICS use pictures to represent words and ideas wrote on stone tablets or paper made from bark

Misc. Information Physical Beauty Sloping forehead Crossed eyes Sport Religion

WHAT HAPPENED? In 850 A.D. the Mayans left their cities The Mayan language is proof that some of them did survive

AZTECS

Finding a Home

TENOCHTITLAN Capital of the Aztec empire Built on an island of Lake Texcoco City grew from wars Currently Mexico City

SUN GOD Sun battled every morning to rise “ Warriors of the sun ” Worshipped the Sun God through human sacrifice

INCAS

Incan Social Structure Inca Royal Family Tribal Heads Common People

BUILDERS Built stone temples and forts No machines Manual labor Ropes Wooden rollers Great builders of Roads

Incan Roads

A FAMILIAR GOD Who was the main god that the Aztecs worshipped? Sun God Incas worshipped the Sun God also Believed the emperor was related to the Sun God

GOLD Honored the Sun God “ Sweat of the Sun ” Decorated palaces, temples Nobles and priests wore it

Advancements / Lifestyles Medicine Surgery Writing Punishment

THE END OF THE INCAS 1531 Spain comes Francisco Pizarro Kidnapped the emperor Spain is in control in by the 1560s.

REVIEW What civilizations emerged in present-day Mexico? Mayan and Aztec Where did the Incas build their civilization? Andes Mountains West coast of South America

What was the god worshipped by two of the civilizations that we talked about today? Sun God Which two civilizations were they? Aztec and Incan How did the Aztecs worship the Sun God? Human sacrifice Which country ’ s flag represents the story of how the Aztecs found their home? Mexico

Name the three symbols found on the flag. Eagle Cactus Snake Name one of the two reasons why the Mayan priests would perform ceremonies. Good harvest Battle Victory