1. Connecting Hemispheres, 900-1800
Chapter 16
People and Empires in the Americas,

2. Diverse Societies of North America
Pueblo Peoples
Southwest deserts
Hohokam
agricultural: irrigation
corn, beans, squash
influences
N - Anasazi; S - Meso
Anasazi
Four-corners region
pueblos
cliff dwellings
Pueblo Bonita
kivas

3. Pueblos

4. Kivas

5. Diverse Societies of North America
Mound Builders
Ohio River Valley
Mississipians
last great mound builders
agriculture and trade
Cahokia
giant earthen pyramids
priest rulers
10,000 population
Influences
Mesoamerica
Eastern Woodlands

6. Cahokia

7. Diverse Societies of North America
Cultural Connections
Trade networks
exotic items
colored feathers
copper jewelry
Religion
animism
supreme being
respect for nature/land
Social Patterns
extended families/clans
communal living
totems

8. Chapter 16 People and Empires in the Americas, 900-1500
Section 2
Mayan Kings and Cities

9. Mayan Civilization

10. Mayan Kings and Cities Mayan Civilization Tikal Trade and agriculture
250 AD – 900 AD
S. Mexico to El Salvador
Olmec influence
Tikal
Independent city-state
Religious and trade center
Pyramid IV
Ball games
Trade and agriculture
Chinampas, terrace
Class System
Nobles (priests and warriors)
Merchants
peasants

11. Mayan Kings and Cities Religion Polytheistic 22 layers Sacrifice
Calendar of Gods
Religious, solar and
long count
Planets, sun, moon
Sacrifice
War captives, cenotes
Glyphs
Writing system
Codex
Bark-paper book
Historical diary
Popol Vuh
Creation story

12. Assessment 1)Tikal 2) glyphs 3) codex 4) Popol Vuh 5) chinampas
6) Mayan Mother culture
1) major Mayan city-state
2) writing system
3) bark-paper book
4) creation story
5) island garden
6) Olmec

13. Chapter 16 People and Empires in the Americas, 900-1500
Section 3
The Aztecs Control Central Mexico

14. The Valley of Mexico

15. The Valley of Mexico Toltecs – 900-1200 AD Aztec predecessor Tula
Pyramids and temples
Extremely warlike
Based on conquest
Topiltzin
Quetzalcoatl
God-king
Feathered-serpent
prophecy

16. Quetzalcoatl

17. The Valley of Mexico Aztecs – 1200-1521 AD Triple Alliance - 1428
N. Mexico (Mexica)
Central Mexico
Huitzilopochtli
Lake Texcoco
Tenochtitlan
Fill void left by Toltec
Triple Alliance
38 provinces (5-15m)
Tribute
Warlike brutality
War captives

18. The Valley of Mexico Class System Trade Tenochtitlan
Emperor – god-king
Nobles – warriors, priests
Commoners – merchants
Slaves – war captives
Trade
Open-air markets
Chinampas
Tenochtitlan
Planned island city
Aztec capital
200,000 population

19. The Valley of Mexico Religion Montezuma II - 1502 1521
Blending of Meso-America
Huitzilopochtli
Sun-god
Human blood
Human sacrifice
War captives
Obsidian knives
Montezuma II
Tribute and sacrifice
Unrest and rebellion
1521

20. Aztec Tributary States

21. Andean Civilization Nazca Moche 200-600 AD ‘Nazca Lines’ 300-700 AD
Pottery

22. Andean Civilizations Inca 1300s-1530s AD Cuzco Machu Pichu Emperor
Pachacuti
State built on war
Hostages
Llama

23. Andean Civilization Religion Force Labor Economy Inti (Sun God)
‘Son of the Sun’
Mummification
Force Labor
Mita
Economy
Terraced Farming
Trade Networks
Quipu
25,000 mile road