In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis

Necrosis: occurs when cells are damaged by poisons or are starved of essential nutrients

Necrosis of plant life

Apoptosis: series of events that cause programmed cell death (the body forces the cell to die)

Should you be worried about cell death? Why or why not? Use cell cycle in your response.

Cell Cycle Revisited 3 parts- Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokenesis Interphase Cytokenesis

Cell Cycle Revisited Continuous cell division process

Cell Cycle Revisited Replace/repairs dead cells with new cells Cells Dead cell New cell

When things go right: Healing process works

Growth occurs

Development of life from one cell to many:

Cell Cycle Errors

Chromosomes failing to line up in the center in metaphase

Pairs of chromosomes fail to separate from each other in anaphase

When errors occur, the body reacts by forcing the cell to die through apoptosis

Why would the body force a cell that has an error in it to die (apoptosis)? Use apoptosis in your answer.

Apoptosis rids the body of dead and diseased cells. (Like getting rid of trash)

When apoptosis does not work:

Out of total people in United States: 1 in 3 will have cancer (33%) 1 in 5 will die of cancer (20%)

Cancer :A major chronic disease resulting from uncontrolled cell growth

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Childhood Adrenocortical Carcinoma Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Childhood AIDS-Related Cancers AIDS-Related Lymphoma Anal Cancer Appendix Cancer Astrocytoma, Childhood Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Childhood Cerebral Basal Cell Carcinoma, see Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma) Bile Duct Cancer, Extrahepatic Bladder Cancer Bladder Cancer, Childhood Bone Cancer, Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood Brain Tumor, Adult Brain Tumor, Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood Brain Tumor, Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Childhood Brain Tumor, Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, Childhood Brain Tumor, Ependymoma, Childhood Brain Tumor, Medulloblastoma, Childhood Brain Tumor, Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Childhood Brain Tumor, Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, Childhood Brain Tumor, Childhood (Other) Breast Cancer Breast Cancer and Pregnancy Breast Cancer, Childhood Breast Cancer, Male Bronchial Adenomas/Carcinoids, Childhood Burkitt Lymphoma Carcinoid Tumor, Childhood Carcinoid Tumor,Gastrointestinal Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, Primary Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Childhood Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, Childhood Cervical Cancer Childhood Cancers Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders Colon Cancer Colorectal Cancer, Childhood Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome Endometrial Cancer Ependymoma, Childhood Esophageal Cancer Esophageal Cancer, Childhood Ewing Family of Tumors Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor, Childhood Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer Eye Cancer, Intraocular Melanoma Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma Gallbladder Cancer Gastric (Stomach) Cancer Gastric (Stomach) Cancer, Childhood Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Germ Cell Tumor, Extracranial, Childhood Germ Cell Tumor, Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor, Ovarian Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor Glioma, Adult Glioma, Childhood Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood Cerebral Astrocytoma Glioma, Childhood Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Hairy Cell Leukemia Head and Neck Cancer Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Adult (Primary) Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Childhood (Primary) Hodgkin Lymphoma, Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma, Childhood Hypopharyngeal Cancer Hypothalamic and Visual Pathway Glioma, Childhood Intraocular Melanoma Islet Cell Tumors (Endocrine Pancreas) Kaposi Sarcoma Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer Kidney Cancer, Childhood Laryngeal Cancer Laryngeal Cancer, Childhood Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic, Adult Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic, Childhood Leukemia, Acute Myeloid, Adult Leukemia, Acute Myeloid, Childhood Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Hairy Cell Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Liver Cancer, Adult (Primary) Liver Cancer, Childhood (Primary) Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Small Cell Lymphoma, AIDS-Related Lymphoma, Burkitt Lymphoma, Cutaneous T-Cell, see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome Lymphoma, Hodgkin, Adult Lymphoma, Hodgkin, Childhood Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Adult Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Childhood Lymphoma, Primary Central Nervous System Macroglobulinemia, Waldenström Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone and Osteosarcoma Medulloblastoma, Childhood Melanoma Melanoma, Intraocular (Eye) Merkel Cell Carcinoma Mesothelioma, Adult Malignant Mesothelioma, Childhood Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary Mouth Cancer Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome, Childhood Multiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell Neoplasm Mycosis Fungoides Myelodysplastic Syndromes Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Childhood Acute Myeloma, Multiple Myeloproliferative Disorders, Chronic Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer Nasopharyngeal Cancer Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Childhood Neuroblastoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Childhood Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Oral Cancer, Childhood Oral Cavity Cancer, Lip and Oropharyngeal Cancer Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone Ovarian Cancer, Childhood Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumor Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic Cancer, Childhood Pancreatic Cancer, Islet Cell Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Parathyroid Cancer Penile Cancer Pharyngeal Cancer Pheochromocytoma Pineoblastoma and Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Childhood Pituitary Tumor Plasma Cell Neoplasm/Multiple Myeloma Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Pregnancy and Breast Cancer Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Prostate Cancer Rectal Cancer Renal Cell (Kidney) Cancer Renal Cell (Kidney) Cancer, Childhood Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Transitional Cell Cancer Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma, Childhood Salivary Gland Cancer Salivary Gland Cancer, Childhood Sarcoma, Ewing Family of Tumors Sarcoma, Kaposi Sarcoma, Soft Tissue, Adult Sarcoma, Soft Tissue, Childhood Sarcoma, Uterine Sézary Syndrome Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma) Skin Cancer, Childhood Skin Cancer (Melanoma) Skin Carcinoma, Merkel Cell Small Cell Lung Cancer Small Intestine Cancer Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Childhood Squamous Cell Carcinoma, see Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma) Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary, Metastatic Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Stomach (Gastric) Cancer, Childhood Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Childhood T-Cell Lymphoma, Cutaneous, see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome Testicular Cancer Throat Cancer Thymoma, Childhood Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma Thyroid Cancer Thyroid Cancer, Childhood Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter Trophoblastic Tumor, Gestational Unknown Primary Site, Carcinoma of, Adult Unknown Primary Site, Cancer of, Childhood Unusual Cancers of Childhood Ureter and Renal Pelvis, Transitional Cell Cancer Urethral Cancer Uterine Cancer, Endometrial Uterine Sarcoma Vaginal Cancer Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, Childhood Vulvar Cancer Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Wilms Tumor

Normal cell growth takes about 20 hrs Normal cells layer next to each other when they come into contact with another cell

Normal cell growth: Single layer cells (side by side)

Cancer cell

Cancerous cells do not act the same as normal cells. Write the differences you saw in normal cells (top) and cancer cells (bottom). Use cancer and normal cells in your answer.

Cancer cells have a faster cell cycle (less than 20 hours) Cancer cells allow other cells to layer atop, below, and accumulate (group up) When cells accumulate, a tumor is formed

Tumor

There are two types of tumors: 1.Benign 2.Malignant

Mass of cells that grow slowly Not cancerous Can be removed and do not usually come back Cells in benign tumors do not spread; stay near 1 st damaged cell Can cause damage by pressing on other parts of body Benign tumors:

Malignant tumors Mass of cells that are capable of rapid growth (depends on cancer type) Cancerous Invade other cells and spread

What are some differences between benign and malignant tumors? Write your answer using the words benign and malignant.

Ear tumor

Frontal lobe tumor (brain cancer)

Therapy :1846, "medical treatment of disease," from Mod.L. therapia, from Gk. therapeia "curing, healing," from therapeuein "to cure, treat." Therapist formed 1886; earlier therapeutist(1816), especially of psychotherapy practitioners from c.1930s.

Treatments for cancer Radiation therapy Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy: using radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors

Destroys cancer cells by destroying DNA of the cells. Normal cells usually recover easily after radiation exposure.

Two types of radiation therapy: 1.External- radiation source outside the body 2.Internal- radiation source implanted near the tumor

Pros: shrinks and destroys cancerous cells, targeted cells limit damage to rest of body Cons: fatigue, diarrhea, alopecia, constant vomiting, and skin changes

Chemotherapy: using chemicals to kill cancer cells

Administered in 6 ways: Injection at site Intra-arterial (arteries) Intraperitoneal (stomach area) Intravenous (vein) Topically (skin cream) Orally (pill form)

Pros: with the right chemicals, cancer is cured, controlled, and symptoms eased Cons: fatigue, bleeding, diarrhea, flu, loss of appetite, alopecia, infertility, pain, changes in normal body function

A day with roger Chemotherapy basics Family and friends support