Chapter 3 Lecture Migration The Cultural Landscape Eleventh Edition © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Matthew Cartlidge University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Key Issues I.Where are migrants distributed? II.Where do people migrate within a country? III.Why do people migrate? IV.Why do migrants face obstacles? © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Outcomes 3.1.1: Describe the difference between international and internal migration : Identify the principal sources of immigrants during the three main eras of U.S. migration : Describe the history of interregional migration in the United States : Describe interregional migration in Russia and Canada : Describe interregional migration in Canada, China, and Brazil : Explain differences among the three forms of intraregional migration : Provide examples of political, environmental, and economic push and pull factors : Summarize the flows of migrant workers in Europe and Asia : Identify the types of immigrants who are given preference to enter the United States : Describe the population characteristics of unauthorized immigrants to the United States Describe characteristics of immigrants to the United States : Compare American and European attitudes toward immigrants. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Bell Ringer & Learning Outcomes Bell Ringer: Take out your Chapter 3 notes, textbook, and note cards (if you have them ready) 3.1.1: Describe the difference between international and internal migration : Identify the principal sources of immigrants during the three main eras of U.S. migration : Describe the history of interregional migration in the United States : Describe interregional migration in Russia and Canada : Describe interregional migration in Canada, China, and Brazil : Explain differences among the three forms of intraregional migration. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Migration  Mobility - refers to all types of movements –Journeying each day to work or school –Weekly visits to local shops –Annual trips to visit relatives, who live in a different state Circulation - short-term and repetitive acts of mobility –Ex. College students moving to college each fall and returning home each spring © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Migration Migration - permanent move to a new location. – Emigration - migration from a location. – Immigration - migration to a location. –Emigrant: Place A → Place B –Immigrant: Place B → Place A  Can a place have migrants moving both to and from it? Net migration - difference between the number of immigrants and number emigrants Where Are Migrants Distributed and what objectives motivate them? a.Economic Opportunity b.Cultural Freedom c.Environmental Comfort © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distance of Migration Explain the organization of Ravenstein’s laws of migration: a.Distance migrants typically move b.Reasons for moving c.Characteristics of migrants  Zelinsky’s theory applied to a migration transition in demographic transition model stages 1)High daily or seasonal mobility in search of food 2)High international emigration and interregional migration – rural to urban 3)High international immigration and intraregional migration – city to suburb 4)Same as Stage 3  How does Ravenstein’s laws of distance explain migrants travels as they search for a new home? a.Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country. b.Long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

International Migration Patterns Approximately 9% of the world’s people are international migrants. Largest flow of migrants: i)Asia to Europe ii)Asia to North America iii)Latin America to North America – Net Out-Migration Asia, Latin America, and Africa – Net In-Migration North America, Europe, and Oceania, and Southwest Asia for petroleum exporting jobs Global pattern : migration from developing to developed © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

U.S. Immigration Patterns U.S. has more foreign-born residents than any other country: approximately 43 million as of 2010—growing by 1 million annually. Three main eras of immigration in the U.S. 17 th – 18 th centuries Europeans – colonial settlement (voluntary) SubSaharan Africans- slavery(forced) Mid-19 th to early 20 th century 1840s/50s- Ireland and Germany – economic push factors 1870s- Ireland and Germany resumes migration after U.S. Civil War 1880s- Scandinavia- Industrial Revolution Southern & Eastern Europe- Italy, Russia, & Austria-Hungary- Industrial Revolution Late 20 th to early 21 st century Asia- China, Phillipines, India and Vietnam Latin America- ½ million annually In what stage were Europeans sending the most immigrants? Stage 2 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distance of Migration Add to Key Issue 2 notes: Migration can be divided into two categories: 1.International Migration- permanent move from one country to another Voluntary or forced 2.Internal Migration- permanent move within the same country Interregional or Intraregional © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where Do People Migrate within a Country? Interregional Migration Historically- enticement of abundant available land Famous Example- Opening of American Western Frontier 1 st obstacle – dependence on coastal shipments, mountains blocking passageways, and “Indian” settlements Transportation developments – canals for boat travel; Erie Canal Passing over Great Plains- Gold Rush; land unfit for farming Railroads - allowed easier transportation of goods to sell to customers on the East Coast Southern migration- jobs and warmer climate © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Migration between Regions in Large Countries World’s five largest countries in land area are Russia, Canada, China, the U.S., and Brazil. – Russia : Western European portion to Far North (Siberia) to operate steel mills and mines for higher pay and benefits; it was too cold and most migrated back – Canada – East to West; More advanced cities; Alberta and British Columbia – Brazil – Atlantic Coast to Tropical Interior; Capital (Brasi’lia) moved to center of country; many moved for job; population grew rapidly and many cannot afford housing now – China - rural to urban eastern coast; factory jobs and economic advancement  Much of Russia’s interregional migration – western part of country near Europe © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Migration between Regions in Large Countries Intraregional Migration: – Urbanization : Industrial Revolution- diffused to LDCs, Economic Opportunity, Increasing annually – Suburbanization: MDCs mostly, lifestyle change, twice as many Americans move to the suburbs now than they move from rural to urban areas – Counter-urbanization: Urban to rural areas, technology allows people to live outside of cities and still communicate, peace and quiet, safer for families, different jobs – like working from home or farming, escape a hectic lifestyle, Colorado, Idaho, Utah… – MDC vs LDC migration patterns- LDCs are rural to urban and MDCs urban to suburban – LDCs are behind in the transition – Suburbs vs urban – backyard, private parking and land rather than apartments, recreational facilities, developments in transportation such as cars and highways allow people to live outside the city, safer and better schools  Counter-urbanization with transportation and communication- easier transportation of goods, online shopping and communication, phones, work from home, land=money © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.