Hollow Verbs Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct

Hollow Verbs: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct Hollow verbs contain a yod or vav in the second root. Unlike the perfect verb form, the imperfect form distinguishes between II-yod and II-vav hollow verbs. Study the following paradigm and compare the II-yod and both II-vav forms. II-yodII-vav Strong שֹים (to put/place) בוא (to come) קום (to arise) כתב (to write) 3ms יָשִׂיםיָבוֹאיָקוּםיִכְתּׁב 3fs תָּשִׂיםתָּבוֹאתָּקוּםתִּכְתּׁב 2ms תָּשִׂיםתָּבוֹאתָּקוּםתִּכְתּׁב 2fs תָּשִׂימִיתָּבוֹאִיתָּקוּמִיתִּכְתְּבִי 1cs אָשִׂיםאָבוֹאאָקוּםאֶכְתּׁב 3mp יָשִׂימוּיָבוֹאוּיָקוּמוּיִכְתְּבוּ 3fp תְּשִׂימֶינָהתָּבוֹאנָהתְּקוּמֶינָה תִּכְתּׁבְנָ ה 2mp תָּשִׂימוּתָּבוֹאוּתָּקוּמוּתִּכְתְּבוּ 2fp תְּשִׂימֶינָהתָּבוֹאנָהתְּקוּמֶינָה תִּכְתּׁבְנָ ה 1cp נָשִׂיםנָבוֹאנָקוּםנִכְתּׁב The vav and yod are not consonants. Each is the stem vowel for their particular type of hollow verb. The prefix vowel in most hollow imperfect verb types is a qametz. 3fp and 2fp are the only exceptions, having a shewa due to vowel reduction. Some occurrences of hollow verbs in the Hebrew Bible may depart from the expected. A II- yod may be rendered as a II-vav or a hollow verb may be rendered without a middle vowel, but the meaning of the verb remains the same despite these minor variations.

Hollow Verbs: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct ImperfectImperative 2ms תָּקוּם you will arise קוּם (you) arise! 2fs תָּקוּמִיקוּמִי 2mp תָּקוּמוּקוּמוּ 2fp תְּקוּמֶינָהקֹמְנָה 2ms תָּשִׂים you will put/place שִׂים (you) put/place! 2fs תָּשִׂימִישִׂימִי 2mp תָּשִׂימוּשִׂימוּ 2fp תְּשִׂימֶינָ ה --- 2ms תָּבוֹא you will come בּוֹא (you) come! 2fs תָּבוֹאִיבּוֹאִי 2mp תָּבוֹאוּבּוֹאוּ 2fp תָּבוֹאנָה--- The 2fp for שָׂם and בָּא are unattested in the Hebrew Bible. Other than the removal of the imperfect prefix, the imperative forms are identical to the imperfect forms, except in the 2fp.

Hollow Verbs: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct ImperfectJussive 3ms יָקוּם he will arise יָקֹם let him arise! 3fs תָּקוּם she will arise תָּקֹם let her arise! 3ms יָשִׂים he will put/place יָשֵׂם let him put/place! 3fs תָּשִׂים she will put/place תָּשֵׂם let her put/place! 3ms יָבוֹא he will come יָבֹא let him come! 3fs תָּבוֹא she will come תָּבֹא let her come! The jussive forms of most verbs are identical to their imperfect counterparts; however, the jussive singular form of hollow verbs displays a slight variation. The jussive form loses the middle vav or yod. For קָם, note the holem instead of a shureq. For שָׂם, note the tsere instead of a hireq-yod. For בָּא, note the holem instead of a full holem.

Hollow Verbs: Imperfect, Imperative, and Infinitive Construct Hollow VerbInfinitive Construct קָםקוּם arising שָׂםשִׂים putting/placing בָּאבּוֹא coming The infinitive construct form is identical to the 2ms imperative form. Rely on context to determine the proper translation. Generally, the 3ms perfect form is also the lexical form of a verb, but for hollow verbs, the lexical form is the same as the infinitive construct form.