1. Ross Chapter 12 p. 99 12.2 The Construct Relationship Nouns in sequence The genitive follows a word in the construct state (a syntactical relationship) The vowels of the first word sometimes change (i.e. it is s.t. [re]constructed) The grammatical case of the first word comes from its function in the sentence

2. Ross Chapter 12 p. 100 12.3 Changes ([re]constructions) of noun endings Sometimes no change; other words change * or

3. Ross Chapter 12 p. 100 12.3 Changes ([re]constructions) of noun endings Some words no change; other words change *

4. Ross Chapter 12 p. 103 12.6Syntax of the Construct-Genitive Chain 1.Word order is fixed 2.The construct (1 st ) word never has the article The phrase is definite if a.the final word has the article b.the final word is a proper noun c.the final word has a pronoun suffix

5. Ross Chapter 12 pp. 104-105 12.7Translating the genitive in a construct chain 1.ownership/possession 2.source/authorship 3.subjective or objective 4.attributive 5.material

6. Ross Chapter 10 p. 86 10.2 The Perfect Conjugation (suffixed or qf+al form) The Strong Verb Paradigm he killed she killed you killed I killed they killed y’all killed we killed

7. Qal Perfect Paradigm

8. Ross Chapter 19 p. 143

9. Ross Chapter 10 p. 90 10.5Translating the Perfect Conjugation Simple past: Perfect: Present state: Present in progress:

10. Ross pp. 126-127 16.1, 2 The Qal active participle (qal act ptc) Paradigm has a vowel pattern ô (written “full” or ō) – ē (or e) pretonic reduc.

11. Qal Active Participle

12. Ross pp. 127-128 16.3The syntax of the active participle The participle is a verbal adjective: adjectival uses Attributive Predicate

13. Ross pp. 127-128 16.3The syntax of the active participle The participle is a verbal adjective: adjectival uses Attributive, Predicate Substantival (can serve as nouns, can be in construct and can have pronoun suffix)

14. Ross p. 131 17.1Qal Imperfect Paradigm (modified from Ross) he/it killed they killed she/it killed they killed you killed y’all killed I killed we killed

15. Qal Imperfect Paradigm

16. Ross 19.4 pp. 144-145 The Qal Imperfect of Stative Verbs The translation values (cf. p. 132) remain the same future, continuous, modal

17. Ross pp. 132-133 17.3 Function of the Imperfect Tense: incompleted action Future Continuous/Repeated Non-indicative (subjunctive): may, might, would, can, should, wants to, ought to, etc.

18. Ross pp. 136-138 18.1,2Narrative sequences (past) The preterite form often looks the same as the imperfect In narratives the preterite is usually a wayyiqtol form.

19. Ross pp. 136-138 18.1,2Narrative sequences (past) The preterite (+ waw cons.) is usually translated as another main clause but can be subordinated (and waw not translated): Preterite (+ waw cons.) forms can have different subjects

20. Ross pp. 138-139 18.3Narrative sequences (future) The past narrative sequence “flips” impf. + waw + perfect Parse as a perfect + waw consecutive

21. Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood Paradigm pp. 150-151 20.3 The 3 rd (or negative 2 nd ) person volitive: jussive Regular verb: same as impf. Let context guide Uses of the Jussive Wishes, desire, request Command, instruction 2 nd person negative command: cf. infra

22. Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood p. 149 20.2 The 2 nd person volitive: Imperative Paradigm Sometimes the impv. will have an –āh ending

23. Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood p.151 20.4 The 1 st person volitive: The Cohortative Paradigm Form: Same as regular or with –āh ending Function: request, resolve, exhortation

24. Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp. 152-153 20.7 Indirect Volitives (volitive sequence) e.g., “come and see” = “come then see” or “come in order to see” 2 nd command

25. Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp. 153 20.7 Indirect Volitives (volitive sequence)

26. Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp.151-152 20.5, 6 Niceties and Negatives perhaps softening of the imperative tone used with cohortatives and jussives (contrast lo’)

27. Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp.151-152 20.5, 6 Niceties and Negatives perhaps softening of the imperative tone used with cohortatives and jussives (contrast lo’)

28. Ross Chapter 20 The Volitional Mood pp. 152 20.6 Summary of Negatives